Precise detection of glucose plays a vital role in the prevention and diagnosis of diabetes in the human body. In our present work, an efficient, high‐sensitive and free‐standing non‐enzymatic glucose sensor has been developed via in situ loading of hierarchical nanostructures of bimetallic hydroxides M(OH)x/Cu(OH)2 (M=Ni, Co, Fe and Zn) on the three‐dimensional (3D) copper foam (CF) to construct the self‐supported and binder‐free electrode (M(OH)x/Cu(OH)2/CF), in which the two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets of M(OH)x can be anchored on the 1D Cu(OH)2 nanowires. The as‐prepared M(OH)x/Cu(OH)2/CF electrodes exhibit superior glucose detecting performances in an alkaline medium. Especially, the Ni(OH)2/Cu(OH)2/CF electrode displays an ultrahigh sensitivity of 9351 μA mM−1 cm−2, a detection limit of 0.045 μM (S/N=3), a response time within 5 s, a linear range from 0.001 to 1 mM, good selectivity, favorable stability and excellent repeatability for glucose detection. Our experimental results indicate that in situ formations of hierarchical nanostructures with 1D nanowires and 2D nanosheets and the synergistic effect of bimetallic hydroxides can effectively improve the interface and enhance interaction between hydroxides and substrate, promote the diffusion of ions and accelerate the charge transfer. Moreover, the 3D conductive substrate of CF provides a high active surface area and enhances structural stability. The present work paves the way for designing efficient and facile non‐enzymatic glucose sensors or electrocatalysts via the construction of multi‐component and hierarchical nanostructures.