Octopamine immunoreactive neurons in the fused central nervous system of spiders

Seyfarth, Ernst‐August; Hammer, Klaus; Spörhase-Eichmann, Ulrike; Hörner, Michael; Vullings, H. G. B.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90503-f

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In C. salei, octopamine-immunoreactive cells were found in the central ganglion complex (Seyfarth et al, 1993). Except for fine varicosities at the roots of peripheral nerves, octopamine-immunoreactive fibers were not seen leaving the CNS.…”

Section: Direct Synaptic Input To Mechanosensory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Interestingly, GABAergic inhibition also occurs in the axons (Gingl et al, 2004), indicating that this is an important modulation site. It is not known whether the octopamine-containing efferent neurons also contain GABA (Seyfarth et al, 1993) or how simultaneous release of both transmitters might affect the sensory neurons. Future research into this aspect is now required.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for fine varicosities at the roots of peripheral nerves, octopamine-immunoreactive fibers were not seen leaving the CNS. HPLC measurements indicated that spider hemolymph contained free octopamine (Seyfarth et al, 1993), suggesting that octopamine may act as a hormone in peripheral targets. Our results indicate that octopaminergic efferent fibers directly innervate mechanosensory neurons.…”

Section: Direct Synaptic Input To Mechanosensory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large variety of synaptic contacts between the efferent fibers and sensory neurons, between the efferent fibers and glial cells, and between the efferent neurons themselves (Fabian-Fine et al, 2000) suggest that other transmitters also affect these mechanosensilla. Octopamine is a probable candidate, because octopamine-immunoreactive neurons were previously found in the C. salei CNS and free octopamine was detected in its hemolymph (Seyfarth et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spider Peripheral Mechanosensory Neurons Are Directly Innervated and Modulated by Octopaminergic Efferents

Widmer

Höger²,

Meisner³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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Octopamine is a chemical relative of noradrenaline providing analogous neurohumoral control of diverse invertebrate physiological processes. There is also evidence for direct octopaminergic innervation of some insect peripheral tissues. Here, we show that spider peripheral mechanoreceptors are innervated by octopamine-containing efferents. The mechanosensory neurons have octopamine receptors colocalized with synapsin labeling in the efferent fibers. In addition, octopamine enhances the electrical response of the sensory neurons to mechanical stimulation.Spider peripheral mechanosensilla receive extensive efferent innervation. Many efferent fibers in the legs of Cupiennius salei are GABAergic, providing inhibitory control of sensory neurons, but there is also evidence for other neurotransmitters. We used antibody labeling to show that some efferents contain octopamine and that octopamine receptors are concentrated on the axon hillocks and proximal soma regions of all mechanosensory neurons in the spider leg. Synaptic vesicles in efferent neurons were concentrated in similar areas.Octopamine, or its precursor tyramine, increased responses of mechanically stimulated filiform (trichobothria) leg hairs. This effect was blocked by the octopamine antagonist phentolamine. The octopamine-induced modulation was mimicked by 8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analog, and blocked by Rp-cAMPS, a protein kinase A inhibitor, indicating that spider octopamine receptors activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP concentration.Frequency response analysis showed that octopamine increased the sensitivity of the trichobothria neurons over a broad frequency range. Thus, the major effect of octopamine is to increase its overall sensitivity to wind-borne signals from sources such as flying insect prey or predators.

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Section: Direct Synaptic Input To Mechanosensory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Synaptic Input To Mechanosensory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spider Peripheral Mechanosensory Neurons Are Directly Innervated and Modulated by Octopaminergic Efferents

Widmer

Höger²,

Meisner³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Seyfarth, Hammer, Spörhase-Eichmann, Hörner, and Vullings (1993) identified the distribution of neurons reactive to OA in the wandering spider Cupiennius salei, and suggested the dual action of OA in spiders as both a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone (Seyfarth et al, 1993). In the tarantula Aphonopelma hentzi, decreases in concentrations of OA in the brain following aggressive interactions with conspecifics suggest an activation of the octopaminergic system during these encounters (Punzo & Punzo, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine levels relate to male mating tactic expression in the wolf spider Rabidosa punctulata

et al. 2015

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Cellular distributions and functions of histamine, octopamine, and serotonin in the peripheral visual system, brain, and circumesophageal ring of the horseshoe crabLimulus polyphemus

Battelle

Calman

Hart

1999

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Octopamine immunoreactive neurons in the fused central nervous system of spiders

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Spider Peripheral Mechanosensory Neurons Are Directly Innervated and Modulated by Octopaminergic Efferents

Spider Peripheral Mechanosensory Neurons Are Directly Innervated and Modulated by Octopaminergic Efferents

Octopamine levels relate to male mating tactic expression in the wolf spider Rabidosa punctulata

Cellular distributions and functions of histamine, octopamine, and serotonin in the peripheral visual system, brain, and circumesophageal ring of the horseshoe crabLimulus polyphemus

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