“…Perhaps the most intriguing aspect is their almost complete lack of stereotyped behaviors or fixed action patterns. Indeed, the development of well-oriented flexible responses to changes in stimuli or environmental contexts to mention some (e.g., Sanders and Young, 1940 ; Maldonado, 1963b , 1965 ; Messenger, 1973 ; Sanders, 1975 ; Darmaillacq et al, 2004 ; Agin et al, 2006 ; Marini et al, 2017 ; Hanlon and Messenger, 2018 ) suggests that cephalopods employ domain specificity - as recently proposed by Birch et al ( 2020 ) and overviewed by Mather ( 2021a , b ) -, a faculty strongly associated with active brain processing (Hirschfeld and Gelman, 1994 ) and, as we will further mention in this paper, a theory of mind (ToM), i.e., the ability to intuit the thoughts and beliefs of others by a sort of ‘mind reading' faculty that requires some neural encoding of social domains (e.g., Frith and Frith, 2006 ; Apperly, 2011 ; for cephalopods see Godfrey-Smith, 2013 ).…”