Ocular and Systemic Factors Affecting Laser Speckle Flowgraphy Measurements in the Optic Nerve Head

Anraku, Ayako; Enomoto, Nobuko; Tomita, Goji; Iwase, Aiko; Sato, Takashi; Shoji, Nobuyuki; Shiba, Tomoaki; Nakazawa, Toru; Sugiyama, Kazuhisa; Nitta, Koji; Araie, Makoto

doi:10.1167/tvst.10.1.13

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Results for our current study demonstrated that there was a significant negative correlation between the MT and the β-PPA. Recently a significant positive correlation was reported between β-PPA and MT by Anraku et al [ 14 ]. However, it should be noted that they only included normal healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The mixed-effects model analysis for numerical data, which accounted for the correlations between the fellow eyes in the same patient, was performed for comparisons between the PA group and normal subject group. After adjusting for the MAP, disc area and β-PPA area, eyes of the PA patients were compared to normal subjects for the MT by using a multivariate general linear model [ 14 ]. Factors affecting the MT were determined through the use of a multivariate linear mixed-effect modeled regression analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood flow in the optic nerve head in patients with primary aldosteronism

et al. 2023

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Purpose Optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow decrease without changes in intraocular pressure in a possible rat model of retinal ganglion cell loss by systemic administration of aldosterone. To compare the blood flow in the ONH, using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), in healthy eyes and in eyes with primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods The ONH tissue area mean blur rate (MT) was evaluated in this single center, retrospective, cross-sectional study using LSFG. In order to compare the MT between PA patients and normal subjects, mixed-effects models were used, with adjustments made for the mean arterial pressure, disc area, and β-peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) area. Mixed-effects models were also used to analyze the risk factors affecting the MT. Results This study evaluated a total of 29 eyes of 17 PA patients and 61 eyes of 61 normal subjects. There was a significantly lower MT in PA patients (10.8 ± 0.4) as compared to the normal subjects (12.3 ± 0.3) (P = 0.004). The MT was significantly lower in PA patients (10.8 ± 0.6) even after adjusting for the potential confounding factors when compared to normal subjects (12.3 ± 0.3) (P = 0.046). Multivariate mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that the MT was significantly associated with the PA and β-PPA. Conclusions There was a significantly lower ONH blood flow in PA patients as compared to normal subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow in the optic nerve head in patients with primary aldosteronism

et al. 2023

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“…The speckle pattern contrast results in the mean blur rate (MBR), which is linearly proportional to blood flow velocity and microsphere-derived volume blood flow ( 38 , 151 , 152 ). The technique is commercially available and requires a fundus camera or microscope equipped with a diode laser (wavelength, 830 nm) and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera ( 151 , 153 , 154 ). A sketch of the principle of measurement is demonstrated in Figure 4 .…”

Section: Methods Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also several limitations using LSFG. When comparing ocular blood flow between individuals several systemic factors, e.g., blood pressure, age or sex and ocular factors, such as axial length, should be adjusted ( 154 , 169 ). The measurement of MBR may also be affected by changes in IOP ( 169 ).…”

Section: Methods Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to measure blood flow and vascular reactivity in the retina

Böhm

Pfeiffer²,

Wagner³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Disturbances of retinal perfusion are involved in the onset and maintenance of several ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal vascular occlusion. Hence, knowledge on ocular vascular anatomy and function is highly relevant for basic research studies and for clinical judgment and treatment. The retinal vasculature is composed of the superficial, intermediate, and deep vascular layer. Detection of changes in blood flow and vascular diameter especially in smaller vessels is essential to understand and to analyze vascular diseases. Several methods to evaluate blood flow regulation in the retina have been described so far, but no gold standard has been established. For highly reliable assessment of retinal blood flow, exact determination of vessel diameter is necessary. Several measurement methods have already been reported in humans. But for further analysis of retinal vascular diseases, studies in laboratory animals, including genetically modified mice, are important. As for mice, the small vessel size is challenging requiring devices with high optic resolution. In this review, we recapitulate different methods for retinal blood flow and vessel diameter measurement. Moreover, studies in humans and in experimental animals are described.

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“…Theoretically, the MT should not be affected by retinal magnification because it is the average blood flow value within the optic disk borders, however, we applied the correction because it is unclear from previous studies whether MT is correlated with axial length. 28 All the analyses were performed in R free software environment. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Optic Disk Perfusion and Retinal Structure in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Calzetti

Morgia

Cattaneo

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate optic disk perfusion and neural retinal structure in patients with subacute Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and LHON carriers, as compared with healthy controls. Methods This study included 8 patients with LHON in the subacute stage, 10 asymptomatic carriers of a LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA mutation, and 40 controls. All subjects underwent measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness using optical coherence tomography and optic disk microvascular perfusion (Mean Tissue [MT]) using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). Patients were re-examined after a median interval of 3 months from the baseline visit. Results LHON carriers had higher values of RNFL thickness, GCIPL thickness, and disk area than controls ( P < 0.05), whereas MT was not different between the two groups ( P = 0.936). Median MT and RNFL thickness were 32% and 15% higher in the early subacute stage of the disease than in controls ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001). MT declined below the values of controls during the late subacute stage ( P = 0.024), whereas RNFL thickness declined later during the dynamic stage ( P < 0.001). GCIPL thickness was lower in patients with LHON than in controls independently of the stage of the disease ( P < 0.001). Conclusions The high blood flow at the optic disk during the early subacute stage may be the consequence of vasodilation due to nitric oxide release as compensation to mitochondrial impairment. Optic disk perfusion as measured by LSFG is a promising biomarker for LHON diagnosis and monitoring as well as an objective outcome measure for assessing response to therapies.

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Ocular and Systemic Factors Affecting Laser Speckle Flowgraphy Measurements in the Optic Nerve Head

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Blood flow in the optic nerve head in patients with primary aldosteronism

Blood flow in the optic nerve head in patients with primary aldosteronism

Methods to measure blood flow and vascular reactivity in the retina

Longitudinal Study of Optic Disk Perfusion and Retinal Structure in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

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