Ocular autofluorescence in diabetes mellitus. A review

Calvo-Maroto, Ana M.; Pérez-Cambrodí, Rafael J.; García‐Lázaro, Santiago; Ferrer-Blasco, Teresa; Cerviño, Alejandro

doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12423

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(259 reference statements)

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“…Diabetic corneal neuropathy, corneal autofluorescence [possibly due to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs)], and epithelial fragility are all augmented in patients with DR (Chang et al, 1995; Janiec et al, 1995; Saini and Mittal, 1996a; Van Schaik et al, 1999; Bikbova et al, 2012; DeMill et al, 2016; Calvo-Maroto et al, 2016). Diabetics often have low tear secretion and dry eye syndrome (Inoue et al, 2001; Yoon et al, 2004; Cousen et al, 2007; Manaviat et al, 2008; Beckman, 2014).…”

Section: General Manifestations Of Diabetes In the Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AGEs interact with their receptors (RAGEs) triggering intracellular signaling including NF-κB activation and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Kim et al, 2011; Shi et al, 2013a;b). Their accumulation in the diabetic corneal BMs and stroma may be responsible for clinically observed increased autofluorescence (Kaji et al, 2000; McDermott et al, 2003; Calvo-Maroto et al, 2016). In cultured corneal telomeraseimmortalized epithelial cells AGEs cause delayed wound healing and increased cell apoptosis in a ROS- and RAGE-dependent manner (Shi et al, 2013a;b).…”

Section: Molecular Alterations and Disease Markers Of Diabetes In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetic complications in the cornea

2017

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Diabetic corneal alterations, such as delayed epithelial wound healing, edema, recurrent erosions, neuropathy/loss of sensitivity, and tear film changes are frequent but underdiagnosed complications of both type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The disease affects corneal epithelium, corneal nerves, tear film, and to a lesser extent, endothelium, and also conjunctiva. These abnormalities may appear or become exacerbated following trauma, as well as various surgeries including retinal, cataract or refractive. The focus of the review is on mechanisms of diabetic corneal abnormalities, available animal, tissue and organ culture models, and emerging treatments. Changes of basement membrane structure and wound healing rates, the role of various proteinases, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), abnormal growth and motility factors (including opioid, epidermal, and hepatocyte growth factors) are analyzed. Experimental therapeutics under development, including topical naltrexone, insulin, inhibitors of aldose reductase and AGEs, as well as emerging gene and cell therapies are discussed in detail.

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Section: General Manifestations Of Diabetes In the Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Alterations and Disease Markers Of Diabetes In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic complications in the cornea

2017

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“…15 16 Corneal auto-fluorescence increases in type 1 and 2 diabetes, likely due to the increase in AGEs. 16 Corneal auto-fluorescence has been correlated with duration of disease, severity of diabetic retinopathy and A1c levels and has been suggested to be a good non-invasive indicator of the metabolic state of the cornea. 16 17 The corneal stroma accounts for the majority of the corneal thickness (~90%) and thus its physical and biomechanical properties.…”

Section: Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye care providers’ emerging roles in early detection of diabetes and management of diabetic changes to the ocular surface: a review

Richdale

Chao

Hamilton

2020

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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US adults visit eye care providers more often than primary healthcare providers, placing these doctors in a prime position to help identify and manage patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Currently, diabetes is identified in eye clinics in an advanced stage, only after visible signs of diabetic retinopathy. Recent ophthalmic research has identified multiple subclinical and clinical changes that occur in the anterior segment of the eye with metabolic disease. The corneal epithelium exhibits increased defects and poor healing, including an increased risk of neurotrophic keratitis. Increased thickness and stiffness of the cornea artificially alters intraocular pressure. There is damage to the endothelial cells and changes to the bacterial species on the ocular surface, both of which can increase risk of complications with surgery. Decreased corneal sensitivity due to a loss of nerve density predispose patients with metabolic disease to further neurotrophic complications. Patients with diabetes have increased Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis and reduced tear production, resulting in increased rates of dry eye disease and discomfort. Early detection of metabolic disease may allow eye care providers to be more proactive in recommending referral and intervention in order to reduce the risk of blindness and other diabetes-related morbidity. Continued research is needed to better understand the time course of changes to the anterior segment and what can be done to better detect and diagnose patients with prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes and provide improved care for these patients.

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“…Since A2E is a lipofuscin precursor, fundus autofluorescence can be clinically used to detect its presence [59,60]. However, hard exudates can decrease autofluorescence interfering with the evaluation of lipofuscin [61]. It would be expected that this accumulation of lipofuscin precursors in diabetes would increase the risk for developing AMD.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein Implications in Diabetic Retinopathy

Bermea¹

2018

Early Events in Diabetic Retinopathy and Intervention Strategies

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The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is the most abundant protein in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and its levels decrease beginning in the early stages of diabetes. IRBP participates in the delivery of retinoids between retinal cells to carry out the visual cycle and also protects those retinoids against degradation in the IPM. IRBP deficiency is related to several conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy, increased oxidative stress in the photoreceptors, and myopia. Decreased IRBP levels in diabetes could be due to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and a direct effect of hyperglycemia on the photoreceptors. It is known that prior to the occurrence of vascular changes in diabetic retina, electrophysiological alterations occur on early potentials. Alterations on the photoreceptor outer segments and increased oxidative stress indicate an important affliction of the photoreceptors from early stages. Due to the importance of IRBP in photoreceptor wellness, its decreased levels may be linked to early photoreceptor affection. More studies are required to describe in detail the whole impact that decreased levels of IRBP in diabetes may have.

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Ocular autofluorescence in diabetes mellitus. A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 64 publications

Diabetic complications in the cornea

Diabetic complications in the cornea

Eye care providers’ emerging roles in early detection of diabetes and management of diabetic changes to the ocular surface: a review

Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein Implications in Diabetic Retinopathy

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