Ocular Determinants of Peripapillary Vessel Density in Healthy African Americans: The African American Eye Disease Study

Nelson, Amy R.; Chang, Ryuna; LeTran, Vivian; Vu, Brian; Burkemper, Bruce; Chu, Zhongdi; Fard, Ali; Kashani, Amir H; Xu, Benjamin; Wang, Ke; Varma, Rohit; Richter, Grace M.

doi:10.1167/iovs.19-27035

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Several authors have investigated the association between ocular parameters and VD. Nelson et al found that AL was negatively associated with peripapillary VD in 1029 eyes from 1029 subjects [ 27 ]. Other studies also demonstrated similar results [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment and determinants of the papillary microvasculature in healthy subjects

et al. 2021

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Background It is critical to monitor the optic disc’s vessel density using Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and evaluate its determinants. In the current study, we investigate the superficial vessel density (VD) of the papillary microvasculature and its determinants in healthy subjects of Southern China. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Superficial VD in healthy individuals’ optic disc region was measured by OCTA. The factors associated with ocular and systemic parameters were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE) model. Results A total of 510 eyes of 260 healthy subjects were analyzed in the study. The total VD in the optic disc area was 17.21 ± 2.15 mm− 1 (95% CI, 17.02–17.40 mm− 1). The VD in the inner ring and the outer ring of the optic disc were significantly higher compared with the central ring, while the VD of the superior quadrant and inferior quadrant was significantly higher compared with the temporal and nasal quadrant. After adjusting for the ocular factors and systemic factors, AL (β = − 0.4917, P = 0.0003), disc area (β = − 0.3748, P = 0.0143), CMT (β = − 0.0183, P = 0.0003) and SSI (β = 1.0588, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with total VD of the optic disc. Conclusion The mean total VD in the optic disc area was 17.21 ± 2.15 mm− 1 in healthy subjects, and the superior and inferior VD was significantly higher than the temporal and nasal VD. AL, disc area, CMT, and SSI may affect the total VD in the optic disc area and should be considered in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment and determinants of the papillary microvasculature in healthy subjects

et al. 2021

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“…The blood vessels were defined as the pixels with decorrelation values over the threshold in the noise region, which were two standard deviations higher than the mean decorrelation value. The avascular zone of the ONH was manually selected to establish baseline background noise level for global thresholding, and the ONH was excluded from quantification [ 27 ]. Finally, RPCP perfusion density (RPCP-PD) and RPCP flow index (RPCP-FI) were collected and used for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients

Savastano

Crincoli

Savastano

et al. 2020

JCM

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The ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2′s) to cause multi-organ ischemia and coronavirus-induced posterior segment eye diseases in mammals gave concern about potential sight-threatening ischemia in post coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) is a sensitive target due to the important role in the vascular supply of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Eighty patients one month after SARS-CoV-2 infection and 30 healthy patients were selected to undergo structural OCT (optical coherence tomography) and OCTA (optical coherence tomography angiography) exams. Primary outcome was a difference in RPCP perfusion density (RPCP-PD) and RPCP flow index (RPCP-FI). No significant difference was observed in age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevalence of myopia. RPCP-PD was lower in post SARS-CoV-2 patients compared to controls. Within the post-COVID-19 group, patients with systemic arterial hypertension had lower RPCP-FI and age was inversely correlated to both RPCP-FI and RPCP-PD. Patients treated with lopinavir + ritonavir or antiplatelet therapy during admission had lower RPCP-FI and RPCP-PD. RNFL average thickness was linearly correlated to RPCP-FI and RPCP-PD within post-COVID-19 group. Future studies will be needed to address the hypothesis of a microvascular retinal impairment in individuals who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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“…19 We focused specifically on the influence of age, AL, IOP, RNFL, and SS on pVD because these variables were previously identified to significantly impact pVD. 7,18 We divided subjects into shorter and longer axial length groups based upon the median axial length (23.46 mm) of all study participants. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) plots were used to examine the relationship between pVD and IOP in each AL group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristics of this dataset are also described elsewhere as part of the African American Eye Disease Study. 7,16 In brief, participants visited a local ophthalmology suite for a comprehensive evaluation of both systemic and ocular variables. Clinical evaluation was comprised of an ocular clinical examination, and clinical questionnaire to ascertain medical disease history.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, glaucomatous damage may result from repeated reperfusion injury and increased oxidative stress due to instability of blood flow, caused by disturbed retinal autoregulation. 6 Previously, it has been shown that in normal eyes, peripapillary vessel density (pVD) as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is not correlated with IOP, 7 and does not change during conditions of acutely elevated IOP, 8 demonstrating intact autoregulation. In contrast, glaucomatous eyes, in at least some cases, are thought to have abnormal autoregulation making them more susceptible to changes in ocular perfusion with IOP changes.…”

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Longer Axial Length Potentiates Relationship of Intraocular Pressure and Peripapillary Vessel Density in Glaucoma Patients

Juliano

Burkemper

Lee

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how axial length (AL) changes the relationship of intraocular pressure (IOP) with peripapillary vessel density (pVD) in glaucoma versus non-glaucomatous eyes. METHODS.A population-based, cross-sectional study of 2127 African Americans aged 40 years and older in Inglewood, California, were imaged with 6 × 6-mm optic disc optical coherence tomography angiography scans. There were 1028 healthy subjects (1539 eyes) and 65 subjects with glaucoma (86 eyes) who met inclusion criteria. A multivariable linear mixed effects regression model investigated the relationship of IOP on pVD after controlling for signal strength, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and age. These results were stratified by AL groups. RESULTS.Higher IOP was a significant predictor of lower pVD among subjects with glaucoma (P = 0.009), but not among healthy subjects (P = 0.26). After stratifying by the sample median AL (23.46 mm), higher IOP was associated with lower pVD among subjects with glaucoma with longer AL (≥ 23.46 mm, P = 0.005), but not among those in the shorter AL (< 23.46 mm, P = 0.45). IOP was not significantly associated with pVD among healthy subjects in either AL stratum. CONCLUSIONS.Among subjects with glaucoma with longer AL, IOP was significantly associated with pVD. This relationship was not seen among subjects with glaucoma with shorter AL or non-glaucomatous subjects in either AL group. These findings support the hypothesis that disturbed retinal autoregulation may be present in subjects with glaucoma with longer AL. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate whether axial elongation increases glaucoma risk by compromising retinal autoregulation.

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Ocular Determinants of Peripapillary Vessel Density in Healthy African Americans: The African American Eye Disease Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Quantitative assessment and determinants of the papillary microvasculature in healthy subjects

Quantitative assessment and determinants of the papillary microvasculature in healthy subjects

Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients

Longer Axial Length Potentiates Relationship of Intraocular Pressure and Peripapillary Vessel Density in Glaucoma Patients

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