Ocular disorders in children with autism in special schools

Thankappan, Beena

doi:10.18535/jmscr/v5i7.147

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…grading of cerebral palsy) [4], which is partially attributable to cerebral visual impairment [5]. In addition to neurological and anatomical damage, there was also a high prevalence of correctable refractive error in children with SEN [6,7], so prescription of spectacles or other optical aids would be beneficial to improve their vision. However, recent evidence has indicated inadequate eye care services for children with SEN [8,9], leading to an inappropriate educational experience due to the misunderstanding of the individual's visual status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of visual impairment on balance and visual processing functions in students with special educational needs

et al. 2022

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Introduction Vision is critical for children’s development. However, prevalence of visual impairment (VI) is high in students with special educational needs (SEN). Other than VI, SEN students are prone to having functional deficits. Whether visual problems relate to these functional deficits is unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of vision on visual processing functions and balance in SEN students through a community service. Methods Visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity were measured in a total of 104 (aged 14.3±4.3) SEN students as the visual outcomes, followed by retinoscopy. Visual processing function assessment included facial expression recognition by card matching examiner’s facial expression matching, and visual orientation recognition. Dynamic balance, by Timed Up and Go test, and static standing balance (postural sway in double-legged standing with feet-together and tandem-stance for open-eye and closed-eye conditions) were assessed. Static balance was presented in terms of the maximal medial-lateral and antero-posterior sways. Results Of the 104 students, 62 (59.6%) were classified as visually impaired according to WHO classification of visual impairment based on presenting distance acuity. Ocular problems (e.g. optic nerve anomaly, uncorrected/ under-corrected refractive errors) and neurological anomalies were the major causes of vision loss. VA was positively associated with visual processing functions (all p ≤ 0.01), as SEN students with better vision tended to perform better in visual orientation and facial expression recognition tasks, as well as dynamic balance function (p = 0.04). For the static balance, postural sway and VA showed a positive relationship under open-eye and tandem stance conditions. However, the relationship between postural sway and VA became negative under closed-eye and tandem stance conditions. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of SEN students with visual impairment, in which many of them were undetected. Optometric examination is important to improve their visual function to minimize the effect of vision on functional performance. Vision is critical in visual processing as well as playing an important role in maintaining balance in SEN students.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of visual impairment on balance and visual processing functions in students with special educational needs

et al. 2022

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“…Beena Thankappan & Fellows showed that out of 40 participants with ASD, 21 were seen with ocular abnormalities, with refractive errors occurring at 50% followed by strabismus at 7.50% [11]. Amin et al conducted a study in 2021 at Oasis schools of autism, Lahore.…”

Section: Amin Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review

2024

austinjautismrelatdisabil

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The association between Visual Impairment (VI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains an important research topic among children suffering from developmental delays and disabilities. The objective of this mini review was to evaluate previous literature on prevalence and etiology of visual impairment, frequency of visual impairment and types of refractive errors associated with autism in children. Previous researches on ASD found that the visual impairment is one of the major factors in autistic children. Hence measurement of vision screening in autism disorder is necessary for better explanation of the problem. The etiologies of visual impairment in autistic children were associated with refractive error and strabismus. Identification of refractive error in ASD children and providing them suitable corrective lenses may improve their visual functions and help in their daily activities. With these findings in mind, there is an urgent need to investigate further in this area and developed more detailed research. The findings would help optometrist, ophthalmologist in understanding types of visual impairment in autism school children.

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“…An accurate and early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can lead to a better understanding of the problems facing a person with ASD and it may enable the individual to access appropriate support (Nebhinani & Jain, 2019). Now a day a range of therapies and rehabilitations can help the person to adapt their behavior for a better social outcome, and deal with anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major sign and symptoms of PDD include inappropriate social behavior, uneven skill development, poorly developed speech, and language comprehension skills, difficulty with transitions, and deficits in nonverbal and/or verbal communication (Thankappan et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of visual impairment in autistic children of autism school of Lahore, Pakistan

Amin

Tariq

Arshad³

et al. 2023

British Journal of Visual Impairment

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Autism is a condition in which abnormal development of the brain takes place, manifesting in the first 3 years of life. Visual impairment is one of the major factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and measurement of visual impairment is necessary for proper management of the disorder. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of visual impairment associated with ASD in Lahore Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A convenient and purposive sample of 127 students enrolled in various autism schools of Lahore was enrolled. Written informed consent of teacher’s autistic children was taken. Children having diseases like cerebral palsy, other developmental disorders, and/or serious cognitive disability were excluded from this study. Participant’s undergone ocular assessment including visual acuity, ocular motility examination, refraction, and fundoscopy. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Pearson’s chi-square analysis was conducted to determine the associations of refractive error and squint with ASD. A total of 127 participants were included in this study, of which 77 (60.6%) were male and 50 (39.4%) were female. More than 60% were emmetropes (having no refractive errors), 19 (15%) were having myopes, 15 (11.8%) were hypermetropic, and 9 (7.1%) were Astigmatic, while 20 were diagnosed with a squint. The major cause of visual impairment in autistic children was refractive errors 33.8% and squint 15.7%. A high frequency of visual impairment was present in autistic children in Lahore autistic schools. As vision is a basic right so we have to pay attention also toward autistic children, in that way every child should have screened for factors that are responsible for visual impairments, Identifying refractive errors in these children early and providing appropriate corrective lenses may help optimize their visual functioning and impact their activities of daily life positively.

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Ocular disorders in children with autism in special schools

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of visual impairment on balance and visual processing functions in students with special educational needs

Impact of visual impairment on balance and visual processing functions in students with special educational needs

Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review

Frequency of visual impairment in autistic children of autism school of Lahore, Pakistan

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