“…Ophthalmic topical drugs are indicated for several diseases of the anterior segment of the eye; acute states such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and iritis; or chronic conditions, for example, dry eye and glaucoma (Hopkins, 2007b). However, topical administration is currently being actively investigated to be applied in the treatment of ocular posterior segment diseases, i.e., retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and optic neuropathy glaucoma disease (Adams et al, 2018;Askew et al, 2018;Joussen et al, 2019;Samanta et al, 2020;Sripetch and Loftsson, 2021). The prevalence of these vision-threatening illnesses is increasing with the aging of the population.…”