Ocular Dominance Diagnosis and Its Influence in Monovision

PURPOSE.To investigate the impact on visual performance of modifying monovision with monocularly induced spherical aberration (SA) to increase depth of focus (DoF), thereby enhancing binocular through-focus visual performance. METHODS.A binocular adaptive optics (AO) vision simulator was used to correct both eyes' native aberrations and induce traditional (TMV) and modified (MMV) monovision corrections. TMV was simulated with 1.5 diopters (D) of anisometropia (dominant eye at distance, nondominant eye at near). Zernike primary SA was induced in the nondominant eye in MMV. A total of four MMV conditions were tested with various amounts of SA (60.2 and 60.4 lm) and fixed anisometropia (1.5 D). Monocular and binocular visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) at 10 cyc/deg and binocular summation were measured through-focus in three cyclopledged subjects with 4-mm pupils.RESULTS. MMV with positive SA had a larger benefit for intermediate distances (1.5 lines at 1.0 D) than with negative SA, compared with TMV. Negative SA had a stronger benefit in VA at near. DoF of all MMV conditions was 3.5 6 0.5 D (mean) as compared with TMV (2.7 6 0.3 D). Through-focus CS at 10 cyc/deg was significantly reduced with MMV as compared to TMV only at intermediate object distances, however was unaffected at distance. Binocular summation was absent at all object distances except 0.5 D, where it improved in MMV by 19% over TMV. CONCLUSIONS.Modified monovision with SA improves through-focus VA and DoF as compared with traditional monovision. Binocular summation also increased as interocular similarity of image quality increased due to extended monocular DoF.Keywords: aberrations, presbyopia, monovision, binocular adaptive optics P resbyopia, the age-related loss of accommodation, mostly affects the population aged over approximately 50 years.

Section: Testing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Monovision With Spherical Aberration to Improve Presbyopic Through-Focus Visual Performance

Zheleznyak

Sabesan

et al. 2013

“…If the target remains in view, the occluded eye is nondominant and the open one is the dominant eye. 21 In the near-point-of-convergence test (NPC) to test motor dominance, 22 a subject is asked to fixate on an object that is moving toward the nose. The eye that deviates first is the nondominant eye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanced Eyes See Stereopsis More Quickly, but Not More Finely

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2018

PURPOSE. To quantify ocular sensory dominance and investigate its relationship to stereopsis. METHOD.A total of 69 subjects participated in the study. Ocular dominance was measured by a continuous flashing technique, with the tested eye viewing a Gabor patch increasing in contrast, and the fellow eye viewing a Mondrian noise decreasing in contrast. In each trial, the log ratio of Mondrian to Gabor's contrasts was recorded as a subject first detected the Gabor. We collected 50 trials for each eye and an interocular difference was analyzed with a rank-sum test. The z-value was used as the ocular dominance index (ODI) to quantify the degree of ocular dominance. A subject with ODI ‡ 2 was categorized as having a clear ocular dominance, and a subject with ODI < 2 was considered as having balanced eyes (unclear dominance). The stereoacuity was measured with random dot patterns with durations varying from 50 to 1000 ms. The best achievable stereoacuity (D min ) and the integration time needed to acquire that (T min ) were calculated. RESULTS.A total of 30 subjects had balanced eyes and 39 had clear ocular dominance. T min was significantly longer in subjects with clear ocular dominance than in subjects with balanced eyes (180.18 vs. 121.17 ms, P < 0.01). T min was positively correlated with ODI (P < 0.01). However, D min in subjects with clear dominance was not different from that in subjects with balanced eyes (40.60 vs. 35.73 arcsec, P ¼ 0.18).CONCLUSIONS. Ocular dominance is not associated with how fine the stereoacuity is, but rather how quickly the best stereoacuity is acquired.

“…13 Handa et al provide some evidence of equivalence of sighting eye dominance, identified by the hole-in-the-card test, and sensory eye dominance, determined by binocular rivalry technique. 25 In addition, functional imaging studies and correlation to sensory ocular dominance might help to further characterize the strength and complexity of motor ocular dominance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we used the hole-in-the-card test since it is simple to use and only rarely produces undetermined results. 13 On the other hand, it is difficult to characterize the magnitude and reliability of ocular dominance with the hole-in-the-card test alone. To characterize ocular dominance further, Seijas et al 13 recommend confirming ocular dominance with a second test or a panel of test methods to select those individuals with strong or clear dominance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association between Ocular Dominance and Spherical/Astigmatic Anisometropia, Age, and Sex: Analysis of 1274 Hyperopic Individuals

Linke

Baviera²,

Richard

et al. 2012

PURPOSE. To determine the association between ocular dominance and spherical/astigmatic anisometropia, age, and sex in hyperopic subjects.METHODS. The medical records of 1274 hyperopic refractive surgery candidates were filtered. Ocular dominance was assessed with the hole-in-the-card test. Refractive error (manifest and cycloplegic) was measured in each subject and correlated to ocular dominance. Only subjects with corrected distance visual acuity of >20/22 in each eye were enrolled, to exclude amblyopia. Associations between ocular dominance and refractive state were analyzed by means of t-test, v 2 test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS. Right and left eye ocular dominance was noted in 57.4 and 40.5% of the individuals. Nondominant eyes were more hyperopic (2.6 6 1.27 diopters [D] vs. 2.35 6 1.16 D; P < 0.001) and more astigmatic (À1.3 6 1.3 D vs. À1.2 6 1.2 D; P ¼ 0.003) compared to dominant eyes. For spherical equivalent (SE) anisometropia of >2.5 D (n ¼ 21), the nondominant eye was more hyperopic in 95.2% (SE 4.7 6 1.4 D) compared to 4.8% (1.8 6 0.94 D; P < 0.001) for the dominant eye being more hyperopic. For astigmatic anisometropia of >2.5 D (n ¼ 27), the nondominant eye was more astigmatic in 89% (mean astigmatism À3.8 6 1.1 D) compared to 11.1% (À1.4 6 1.4 D; P < 0.001) for the dominant eye being more astigmatic.CONCLUSIONS. The present study is the first to show that the nondominant eye has a greater degree of hyperopia and astigmatism than the dominant eye in hyperopic subjects. The prevalence of the nondominant eye being more hyperopic and more astigmatic increases with increasing anisometropia. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:5362-5369) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8781 F unctional lateralization occurs in the paired organs of the body, such as hands, legs, eyes, and cerebral hemispheres; but the exact mechanisms resulting in lateralization as well as the strength and quality of lateralization remain obscure.In 1903, Rosenbach claimed that most people have a dominant eye, even though each of their two eyes in isolation may provide equal vision and, in unequal vision, the dominant eye is not always the eye with better visual acuity. In general, ocular dominance is defined as the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye over the other 2,3 and may be further characterized as a status whereby one of the eyes commonly dominates or leads the other eye, both in fixation and attention and in perceptive function. 4 Eye dominance, which is commonly determined with the hole-in-the-card test, provides the foundation for a range of clinical decisions, including contact lens wear, 5,6 cataract surgery, 7,8 and monovision presbyopic treatment, 9-11 and is thought to be important in the control of reading. 12The role of ocular dominance in surgically induced monovision can be assessed by looking at success rates and patient satisfaction after monovision refractive surgery. [13][14][15] This clinical practice is based on the assumption that it will be easier to suppress b...