Ocular Echometry in the Diagnosis of Congenital Glaucoma

Sampaolesi, Roberto

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8659-6_25

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, the laser interferometer used in the study by Kiss et al had a better resolution than the IOL Master used in the present study. Although congenitally glaucomatous eyes show an increased axial eye length, 20 until now only animal studies have shown that increases in IOP cause axial eye elongation, also referred to as scleral creep. 21,22 This pressure-dependent scleral creep also increases with temperature, as shown in enucleated eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of change in intraocular pressure on axial eye length and lens position

Leydolt

Findl

Drexler

2007

Eye

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Purpose To quantify the biometric changes of ocular dimensions with mechanical elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in vivo, to get a better understanding of the elastic properties of the human ocular structures that may play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as myopia or glaucoma. Methods Changes in IOP were induced by a suction cup in 18 eyes under cycloplegia. Axial eye length (AEL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured with non-invasive laser interferometry during elevation of the IOP 10 and 20 mmHg over baseline values and after a 10-min resting period. Results IOP elevation of 10 and 20 mmHg respectively caused a significant increase of AEL of 23 lm (95% confidence interval: 14-34 lm) and 39 lm (confidence interval (CI): 28-51 lm). After mechanical oculopression, which resulted in an IOP reduction of -5.1 mmHg (CI: À6.3 to À4.0 mmHg) vs baseline, a significant shortening of À7 lm (CI: À13 to 0 lm) was observed. The change in AEL correlated with the change in IOP (r ¼ 0.66, P ¼ 0.005). Furthermore, a significant increase in ACD of 30 lm (CI: 24-36 lm) was detected with IOP reduction after oculopression, but no change was seen during IOP elevation. Conclusions Biometric changes of the human eye as a response to IOP changes were assessed in vivo. The correlation between change in AEL and IOP found emphasizes the need of in vivo ocular rigidity measurements in the human eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of change in intraocular pressure on axial eye length and lens position

Leydolt

Findl

Drexler

2007

Eye

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“…Ascans from patients with glaucoma or glaucoma suspect were also excluded from the analysis because of the excessive axial elongation that occurs in infantile eyes with glaucoma. 5,24 …”

Section: Axial Length Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 In addition, glaucoma during early childhood can cause excessive axial elongation. 5 Postoperative refractive errors are usually corrected by spectacles or contact lenses. However, if the eye grows more than expected after IOL implantation, a large myopic refractive error may develop that in extreme cases may necessitate an IOL exchange.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Elongation following Cataract Surgery during the First Year of Life in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Lambert

Lynn

DuBois³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To compare ocular axial elongation in infants after unilateral cataract surgery corrected with a contact lens (CL) or primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.METHODS. Baseline axial length (AL) was measured at the time of cataract surgery (1-6 months) and at age 1 year. AL at baseline and age 1 year and the change in length/mo were analyzed in relation to treatment modality, cataractous versus fellow eye, and age at surgery using linear mixed models.RESULTS. Mean baseline AL did not differ between the CL and IOL groups for either cataractous or fellow eyes. Eyes with cataracts were shorter than fellow eyes by an average of 0.6 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.8 mm; P < 0.0001). For the operated eyes, the mean change in AL/mo was smaller in the CL group (0.17 mm/mo) than in the IOL group (0.24 mm/mo) (P ¼ 0.0006) and was independent of age at surgery (P ¼ 0.19). In contrast, the change in AL/mo for fellow eyes decreased with older age at surgery (P < 0.0001). At age 1 year, operated eyes treated with a CL were 0.6 mm shorter on average than operated eyes treated with an IOL (P ¼ 0.009).CONCLUSIONS. At baseline, eyes with cataracts were shorter than fellow eyes. The change in AL/mo was smaller in operated eyes treated with a CL than in operated eyes treated with an IOL, but was not significantly related to age at surgery. (ClinicalTrials. gov number, NCT00212134.) (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53:7539-7545) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-10285 O ne of the most challenging facets of implanting intraocular lenses (IOLs) during infancy is predicting the growth of the eye so that the desired refractive error can be achieved when the eye is fully grown. The infant eye elongates rapidly during the first year of life. 1,2 Both visual deprivation and optical defocus can alter ocular growth. 3,4 In addition, glaucoma during early childhood can cause excessive axial elongation.5 Postoperative refractive errors are usually corrected by spectacles or contact lenses. However, if the eye grows more than expected after IOL implantation, a large myopic refractive error may develop that in extreme cases may necessitate an IOL exchange.The effect of removing the crystalline lens on axial elongation during early childhood is poorly understood. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In a newborn rabbit model, a unilateral lensectomy has been shown to significantly decrease axial elongation. 13 A similar effect has also been observed using a nonhuman primate model. 14,15 The effect is age dependent, with the greatest effect occurring in neonates. 16 While some series have reported a reduction of axial elongation following cataract surgery and IOL implantation in children, others have reported increased axial elongation. 6,17,18 Furthermore, unilateral cataract surgery during infancy has been reported to be associated with more axial elongation in the operated eye than bilateral cataract surgery. 19,20 These effects have important clinical implications in determining the optimal IOL power to implant in a child to achieve the desired refr...

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“…Corneal changes are often the presenting features of PCG and result in the classical clinical triad of epiphora (excessive tearing of eyes), blepharospasm (involuntary blinking of the eyelids), and photophobia (light sensitivity). Corneal diameters that are asymmetric, or a corneal diameter greater than 13 mm at any age, or greater than 11.5 mm at birth (normal 9.5 mm to 10 mm at birth and 10 mm to 12 mm at two years) warrant further evaluation for glaucoma (Allingham 2005a;Kiskis 1985;Sampaolesi 1982;Stamper 2009). Other corneal changes include corneal edema, corneal haze, Haab's striae (breaks in Descemet's membrane), and corneal opacities.…”

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confidence: 99%