Ocular fundus abnormalities in cats affected by systemic hypertension: Prevalence, characterization, and outcome of treatment

Cirla, A; Drigo, Michele; Andreani, Valentina; Barsotti, Giovanni

doi:10.1111/vop.12862

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, perhaps unsurprisingly, SBP assessment tends to take longer in cats showing higher levels of anxiety or nervousness. In this population of older cats, we found a high prevalence of potential hypertension, and the recent finding of hypertensive ocular abnormalities in 59% of cats with oscillometric SBP >160 mmHg (or diastolic pressure >100 mmHg) 69 illustrates the importance of undertaking SBP measurements. Further, even with severe hypertensive chorioretinopathy, significant clinical improvement is seen with adequate control of the hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

‘The Mercury Challenge’: feline systolic blood pressure in primary care practice – a European survey

Sparkes¹,

Garelli-Paar

Blondel

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of this study was to collect data from a substantial number of older cats having their systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured in a variety of clinical practices, to describe the findings and assess variables that affected the duration of assessment and the values obtained. Methods An international (European-based) multicentre convenience sample survey of cats ⩾7 years of age attending veterinary clinics and having SBP measured as part of their clinical assessment. Information gathered included details of the cat, concomitant disease(s) or therapies, SBP results, device used, time taken to assess SBP and the demeanor of the cat. Results Useable data were available from 8884 cats aged 7–26 years, from 811 clinics across 16 countries. The device used to measure SBP was Doppler in 47.4% and oscillometry in 48.5%. The demeanor of the cat was reported to be calm in 45.7%, anxious in 41.9% and nervous in 8.9%; and the duration of assessment was reported to be <5 mins in 50.4%, 5–10 minutes in 41.7% and >10 mins in 7.9%. Concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) was reported in 21.8%, hyperthyroidism in 12.0% or both in 3.1%. The median SBP was 150 mmHg (range 80–310), with 18.6% classified as hypertensive (SBP 160–179 mmHg) and 21.1% as severely hypertensive (SBP ⩾180 mmHg). The measured SBP was significantly affected by the cat’s demeanor, duration of SBP assessment, presence of CKD and/or hyperthyroidism, the cat’s sex and age, and the presence of concomitant therapy. The duration of SBP assessment was significantly affected by the cat’s demeanor. Conclusions and relevance In veterinary clinics, SBP can be measured in most cats within a short period of time using either Doppler or oscillometric equipment. The presence of CKD or hyperthyroidism was associated with significantly higher SBP values, and anxious or nervous cats had higher SBP values and took longer to obtain SBP assessments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

‘The Mercury Challenge’: feline systolic blood pressure in primary care practice – a European survey

Sparkes¹,

Garelli-Paar

Blondel

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…At least 6 measurements were recorded, with the first being automatically discarded; once a plateau was reached, 5 to 7 consecutive measurements were obtained and averaged. Cats with high blood pressure (≥160 mm Hg) underwent indirect fundoscopy to determine if the cat had any evidence of retinal hemorrhage or detachment, subretinal edema, or tortuous vessels secondary to hypertension 46,47 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment

Stammeleer,

Xifra,

Serrano

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundHyperthyroid cats commonly have systemic hypertension, with a reported prevalence of 7% to 48%. Although hypertension might be expected to resolve once treatment restores euthyroidism, it can persist or only first develop after treatment.ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of hyperthyroid cats with hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥160 mm Hg), persistence or first development of hypertension after successful radioiodine treatment, and correlation of post‐treatment hypertension with azotemia or hypothyroidism.AnimalsFour hundred one hyperthyroid nonazotemic cats were included in the study.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional and before‐and‐after studies. All hyperthyroid cats had SBP measured by Doppler; 255 had SBP rechecked 6 months after successful radioiodine (131I) treatment.ResultsOf untreated hyperthyroid cats, 108/401 (27%) were hypertensive. A higher proportion of hypertensive cats were nervous/excited compared with normotensive cats (47% vs 12%; P < .001). Of the initially hypertensive cats, 87/108 cats were reexamined after 131I treatment; 43/87 (49%) cats normalized SBP, whereas 44/87 (51%) remained hypertensive. Of the initially normotensive cats, 16/168 (9.5%) first developed hypertension after successful 131I treatment. 7/60 (12%) of the 131I‐treated hypertensive cats were azotemic and 9/60 (15%) were hypothyroid. A higher proportion of cats remaining hypertensive had nervous/excited demeanor than did normotensive cats (50% vs 17%; P < .001).Conclusions/Clinical ImportanceHypertension, when present, resolves in many hyperthyroid cats after successful treatment. Hyperthyroid cats uncommonly develop new hypertension after treatment. Persistent or newly detected hypertension was unrelated to azotemia or iatrogenic hypothyroidism. More frequently perceived nervousness/anxiety in radioiodine‐treated hypertensive cats suggests that many of these cats might have “situational” hypertension, as hyperthyroid‐induced hypertension should resolve after treatment.

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“… 6 , 7 Equally, failure to confirm pathologic hypertension after excluding situational hypertension can result in target organ damage. 6 , 8 Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of systemic hypertension is crucial in reducing the risk of further medical complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of audible static on blood pressure measurement by Doppler ultrasonic sphygmomanometry in cats

Uematsu,

Summers,

Keys

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine whether the use of headphones to eliminate audible static during Doppler ultrasonic sphygmomanometry affects blood pressure (BP) measurement in conscious young adult (aged 1–6 years) and mature adult/senior (aged ⩾7 years) cats. Methods A randomized crossover study was conducted. Healthy client-owned cats (>1 year) were enrolled. Blood pressure measurements were obtained twice, 14 days apart, with or without the use of headphones worn by a veterinarian. A fear, anxiety and stress (FAS) score (0 = relaxed; 4 = severe signs) was recorded. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare the effect of wearing headphones on BP measurement. Results In total, 18 young adult and 14 mature adult and senior cats with a median age of 5 years (range 1–14 years) were enrolled. Of the cats, 47% (15/32) had an average BP measurement that was at least 10 mmHg higher when using headphones compared with when not using headphones, of which a majority (11/15, 73%) were young adult cats. The average BP measurement was not different when using headphones compared with when not using headphones (mean difference −7 mmHg; 95% confidence interval −14 to 0.6; P = 0.07). When compared within age groups, the average BP measurement taken when using headphones (125 ± 15 mmHg) was lower compared with the measurement taken when not using headphones (137 ± 17 mmHg) in young adult cats ( P = 0.02). Conclusions and relevance The reduction in the average BP measurement with the use of headphones suggests this method may be helpful in reducing situational hypertension, particularly in young adult cats. Our findings also highlight the importance of consistent use of headphones when comparing serial measurements in a cat.

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Ocular fundus abnormalities in cats affected by systemic hypertension: Prevalence, characterization, and outcome of treatment

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

‘The Mercury Challenge’: feline systolic blood pressure in primary care practice – a European survey

‘The Mercury Challenge’: feline systolic blood pressure in primary care practice – a European survey

Blood pressure in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment

Effect of audible static on blood pressure measurement by Doppler ultrasonic sphygmomanometry in cats

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