Ocular Manifestations of Sporotrichosis in a Hyperendemic Region in Brazil: Description of a Series of 120 Cases

Arinelli, Andrea; Aleixo, Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto; Freitas, Dayvison Francis Saraiva; Valle, Antônio Carlos Francesconi do; Almeida‐Paes, Rodrigo; Guimarães, Ana L Nobre; Oliveira, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de; Gutierrez-Galhardo, Maria Clara; Curi, André Luiz Land

doi:10.1080/09273948.2022.2027465

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…External eye disease, typical of zoonotic transmission, was present in a smaller proportion of patients. It occurs probably through direct eye contact with exudates and respiratory droplets from sick cats [ 28 ]. The CNS is affected in a high percentage of immunosuppressed patients, evidencing the potential neurotropism of S. brasiliensis [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Sporotrichosis Treated with Amphotericin B: A 20-Year Cohort Study in an Endemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission

Fichman

Freitas

Valle

et al. 2022

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Although rare, disseminated sporotrichosis is increasing in several countries. Despite its limiting toxic potential, amphotericin B is the only intravenous antifungal available to treat severe sporotrichosis. We aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of amphotericin B treatment for severe sporotrichosis. Clinical records of patients with disseminated sporotrichosis at a reference center were reviewed. This study included 73 patients. Most (53.4%) were men and non-white. HIV coinfection was the main comorbidity (52.1%). Most reported contact with cats (76.7%). Sporothrix brasiliensis was the causative species. Affected sites were skin (98.6%), osteoarticular system (64.4%), upper airway (42.5%), central nervous system (20.5%), eyes (12.3%), and lungs (8.2%). Median doses of amphotericin B used were 750 mg and 4500 mg for deoxycholate and lipid complex formulations, respectively. Amphotericin B discontinuation occurred in 20.5% due to adverse events, mainly azotemia. The outcomes included cure (52.1%), death due to sporotrichosis (21.9%), death due to other causes (9.6%), and loss to follow-up (8.2%). Survival analysis showed an association between cure and the absence of bone, upper airway, and central nervous system involvement. Amphotericin B is the first-choice treatment for disseminated sporotrichosis; however, the severity of systemic dissemination might predict its response. Favorable clinical results depend on prompt diagnosis, investigation of fungal dissemination, and early therapy initiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Sporotrichosis Treated with Amphotericin B: A 20-Year Cohort Study in an Endemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission

Fichman

Freitas

Valle

et al. 2022

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“…The emergence of hyperendemic zoonotic sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro is accompanied by a different and more severe clinical profile [ 3 , 27 ]. Arinelli et al [ 28 ] described a series of 120 cases of ocular sporotrichosis that had been attended to over a period of 10 years. The authors highlighted the increase in the frequency of this clinical form and the risk for ocular infection through aerosols formed when cats with sporotrichosis sneeze.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis: A 22-Year, Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study

Fichman

Mota-Damasceno

Procópio-Azevedo

et al. 2022

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Pulmonary sporotrichosis is a rare condition. It can present as a primary pulmonary disease, resulting from direct Sporothrix species (spp). conidia inhalation, or as part of multifocal sporotrichosis with multiple organ involvement, mainly in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics and clinical course of patients with positive cultures for Sporothrix spp. from pulmonary specimens (sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage) at a reference center in an area hyperendemic for zoonotic sporotrichosis. The clinical records of these patients were reviewed. Fourteen patients were included, and Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified in all cases. Disseminated sporotrichosis was the clinical presentation in 92.9% of cases, and primary pulmonary sporotrichosis accounted for 7.1%. Comorbidities included human immunodeficiency virus infection (78.6%), alcoholism (71.4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.3%). Treatment with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole was the preferred regimen and was prescribed in 92.9% of cases. Sporotrichosis-related death occurred in 42.9% while 35.7% of patients were cured. In five cases there was a probable contamination from upper airway lesions. Despite the significant increase in sporotrichosis cases, pulmonary sporotrichosis remains rare. The treatment of disseminated sporotrichosis is typically difficult. Prompt diagnosis and identification of all affected organs are crucial for better prognosis.

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“…Candida species are the major pathogens of fungal conjunctivitis [ 15 , 16 ], but it may also be caused by Sporothrix spp. [ 17 ] ( Figure 1 ). Most cases are self-limited, but may also be associated with systemic infections.…”

Section: Fungal Infections In the Ocular Adnexamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Fungal Infections

Ramírez-Soto

Bonifáz

2022

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Ocular Manifestations of Sporotrichosis in a Hyperendemic Region in Brazil: Description of a Series of 120 Cases

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Severe Sporotrichosis Treated with Amphotericin B: A 20-Year Cohort Study in an Endemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission

Severe Sporotrichosis Treated with Amphotericin B: A 20-Year Cohort Study in an Endemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission

Pulmonary Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis: A 22-Year, Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study

Ocular Fungal Infections

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