Ocular Motility of Aging and Dementia

Pelak, Victoria S.

doi:10.1007/s11910-010-0137-z

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, groups differed in age and because eye movements are altered when getting older, a more even age distribution would be recommended for future studies. [27][28][29] In conclusion, the differential effects of neck torsion in patients with WAD, non-WAD patients, and controls on smooth pursuit performance seem to be modulated by the predictability of the target trajectory. The observed oculomotor disturbances in patients with WAD are therefore unlikely to be induced by impaired neck proprioception alone.…”

Section: ➢ Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Patients With Whiplash and Neck Pain are Modulated by Target Predictability

Janssen

Ischebeck

Vries

et al. 2015

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Section: ➢ Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Patients With Whiplash and Neck Pain are Modulated by Target Predictability

Janssen

Ischebeck

Vries

et al. 2015

Spine

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“…Recently, cumulative cases of radiation-induced CMs in children who received cranial radiotherapy for CNS tumors have been reported in the literature [107, 112,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127]. The appearance of CMs after radiotherapy does not seem to be correlated to the radiation dose, and it is not clear if associated chemotherapy may possibly be involved in the genesis of malformations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavernous Malformations of the Central Nervous System in the Pediatric Age Group

et al. 2009

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Objective: The main clinico-diagnostic features, risk factors and associated diseases of cavernous malformations (CMs), also called cavernous angiomas or cavernomas, of the central nervous system (CNS) in children are described, and the most relevant differences compared to the affected adult population are pointed out, focusing on the management of pediatric patients harboring cranial and spinal CMs. Materials: This was a retrospective study of a series of 42 children symptomatic for CMs of the cranial and spinal compartments (35 supratentorial brain lesions, 5 infratentorial and 2 in the spinal region) operated on between 1975 and 2005, with a clinical follow-up ranging from 12 to 192 months. The results were compared with those found in the most recent literature dealing with pediatric CMs of the CNS. Results: Surgical treatment produced excellent or good results in 69% of our 42 children. Unchanged neurological deficits were observed in 23.8% of cases, while morbidity from surgical procedures was 7.14%. Mortality was absent in this series. These surgical results are comparable with those found in the literature, where morbidity and mortality rates from surgery are 8.8 and 1.13%, respectively, and are mostly associated with procedures for the excision of deep, critically located cavernomas. Conclusion: CMs represent the most common CNS vascular lesion in children, although their incidence is 4 times lower than that of the adult population. The natural history of pediatric CMs throughout the neuraxis seems to be more aggressive than in adult patients; these lesions have higher rates of growth and hemorrhage, larger dimensions and often atypical radiological pictures at diagnosis. Beside the familial form of the disease, which is more often associated with multiple lesions and an earlier age of clinical presentation, the major risk factor for CMs in children seems to be radiotherapy for CNS tumors. Furthermore, a greater number of CMs coexistent with mixed angiomatous lesions have been reported in children than in adults. Surgical results are related to the preoperative neurological status of the children; symptomatic patients who are operated on early, before they develop severe neurological deficits or long-standing seizures, may achieve the best clinical outcome. Radiosurgery does not seem to be advisable in children as an alternative treatment for deep CMs or those causing epilepsy.

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“…Saccadic latency prolonged in FTD. Abnormal saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements and convergence in DLB 48,[98][99][100][101][102][103]106,117 EEG Increase in slow activity and a smaller decrease in fast activity in AD; no increase in slow activity but an increase in fast activity in FTD. 118 Reduction in synchrony of the slow frequency bands in VD.…”

Section: Visual Dysfunction In Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several changes in saccadic eye movements have also been reported in AD. Saccadic latency is prolonged in AD [97][98][99][100][101][102] and it was even found that longer latencies correlated with lower MMSE scores. 102 The velocity of saccades is reduced and the degree of reduction correlates with the severity of dementia.…”

Section: Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

Armstrong

Kergoat

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Dementia is associated with various alterations of the eye and visual function. Over 60% of cases are attributable to Alzheimer's disease, a significant proportion of the remainder to vascular dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies, while frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease dementia are less common. This review describes the oculo‐visual problems of these five dementias and the pathological changes which may explain these symptoms. It further discusses clinical considerations to help the clinician care for older patients affected by dementia. Recent findings Visual problems in dementia include loss of visual acuity, defects in colour vision and visual masking tests, changes in pupillary response to mydriatics, defects in fixation and smooth and saccadic eye movements, changes in contrast sensitivity function and visual evoked potentials, and disturbance of complex visual functions such as in reading ability, visuospatial function, and the naming and identification of objects. Pathological changes have also been reported affecting the crystalline lens, retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex. Clinically, issues such as cataract surgery, correcting the refractive error, quality of life, falls, visual impairment and eye care for dementia have been addressed. Summary Many visual changes occur across dementias, are controversial, often based on limited patient numbers, and no single feature can be regarded as diagnostic of any specific dementia. Nevertheless, visual hallucinations may be more characteristic of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia than Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia. Differences in saccadic eye movement dysfunction may also help to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies. Eye care professionals need to keep informed of the growing literature in vision/dementia, be attentive to signs and symptoms suggestive of cognitive impairment, and be able to adapt their practice and clinical interventions to best serve patients with dementia.

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Ocular Motility of Aging and Dementia

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Patients With Whiplash and Neck Pain are Modulated by Target Predictability

Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Patients With Whiplash and Neck Pain are Modulated by Target Predictability

Cavernous Malformations of the Central Nervous System in the Pediatric Age Group

Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia

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