Abstract:BackgroundOcular rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by a newly classified organism that is neither a fungus nor bacterium. It often presents as a benign conjunctival tumour but may mimic other ocular conditions. It is most often described in India. In Africa cases have been reported from South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda, Congo and Ivory Coast.Case presentationA 54 year old man was seen in Kenya with a lesion that resembled a conjunctival papilloma. We report resemblance t… Show more
“…4). The time of lesion evolution varies between 3 months and 1 year [16, 19, 22, 24, 30] with an average of 9 ± 5.09 months, a time relatively close to that found in the sample, which had an average evolution of symptoms around 18.6 months. Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…The differential diagnosis includes mainly papilloma and pyogenic granuloma, which are treated with surgical excision of the lesion and cauterization of its base [13, 23, 24]. In association with surgery, dapsone is used to prevent the maturation of sporangia and promote fibrosis [25, 26].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In association with surgery, dapsone is used to prevent the maturation of sporangia and promote fibrosis [25, 26]. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological examination, with demonstration of a fibrous stroma with several thick-walled sporangia at different stages of maturation and containing numerous endospores [24, 27, 28].…”
BackgroundOculosporidiosis (ocular rhinosporidiosis) accounts for 15% of cases of rhinosporidiosis, which is a chronic granulomatous disease and is endemic in India and Sri Lanka. In Brazil, the climatic and hydrographic similarities to these endemic areas and the presence of riverside populations contributes to an increase in the incidence of rhinosporidiosis particularly in the State of Maranhão. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the number of diagnosed cases of oculosporidiosis and describe its the clinical epidemiology, laboratory, histopathology, and therapeutic characteristics.MethodsThe study is descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional, and reports the prevalence and clinical epidemiological characteristics of oculosporidiosis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. A retrospective analysis of the paper and electronic records for a period from 1999 to 2017 was conducted in the University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (HU-UFMA), located in the northeastern region of Brazil.ResultsThirty patients were diagnosed with rhinosporidiosis, eight of them had oculosporidiosis and seven of these met the criteria to be included in the study. Of the cases (23.3% of all 30), five were men (71.4%) and two women (28.5%), with an average age of 16.4 ± 15.6 years. In terms of race, four patients (57.1%) declared themselves white and three (42.9%) as brown. The north of the state, the mesoregion, had the most diagnosed cases accounting for 57.1% of the total. Left eye was the most affected site, reported in six patients (85.7%), while the conjunctiva was affected in all patients. Rhinosporidiosis and papilloma were the predominant diagnostic hypotheses (28.5 and 28.5%, respectively), followed by chronic scleritis, granuloma, and chalazion (14.25, 14.25, and 14.25%, respectively). All these cases were treated with lesion excision, and only two patients (28.5%) progressed with recurrence.ConclusionIt was verified that there was a male predominance, with only one eye reported as an infected site, with no bilateral involvement. The younger age group (between 1 and 2 years of age) was more affected by oculosporidiosis, and histopathological examination was necessary for a conclusive diagnosis.
“…4). The time of lesion evolution varies between 3 months and 1 year [16, 19, 22, 24, 30] with an average of 9 ± 5.09 months, a time relatively close to that found in the sample, which had an average evolution of symptoms around 18.6 months. Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…The differential diagnosis includes mainly papilloma and pyogenic granuloma, which are treated with surgical excision of the lesion and cauterization of its base [13, 23, 24]. In association with surgery, dapsone is used to prevent the maturation of sporangia and promote fibrosis [25, 26].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In association with surgery, dapsone is used to prevent the maturation of sporangia and promote fibrosis [25, 26]. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological examination, with demonstration of a fibrous stroma with several thick-walled sporangia at different stages of maturation and containing numerous endospores [24, 27, 28].…”
BackgroundOculosporidiosis (ocular rhinosporidiosis) accounts for 15% of cases of rhinosporidiosis, which is a chronic granulomatous disease and is endemic in India and Sri Lanka. In Brazil, the climatic and hydrographic similarities to these endemic areas and the presence of riverside populations contributes to an increase in the incidence of rhinosporidiosis particularly in the State of Maranhão. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the number of diagnosed cases of oculosporidiosis and describe its the clinical epidemiology, laboratory, histopathology, and therapeutic characteristics.MethodsThe study is descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional, and reports the prevalence and clinical epidemiological characteristics of oculosporidiosis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. A retrospective analysis of the paper and electronic records for a period from 1999 to 2017 was conducted in the University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (HU-UFMA), located in the northeastern region of Brazil.ResultsThirty patients were diagnosed with rhinosporidiosis, eight of them had oculosporidiosis and seven of these met the criteria to be included in the study. Of the cases (23.3% of all 30), five were men (71.4%) and two women (28.5%), with an average age of 16.4 ± 15.6 years. In terms of race, four patients (57.1%) declared themselves white and three (42.9%) as brown. The north of the state, the mesoregion, had the most diagnosed cases accounting for 57.1% of the total. Left eye was the most affected site, reported in six patients (85.7%), while the conjunctiva was affected in all patients. Rhinosporidiosis and papilloma were the predominant diagnostic hypotheses (28.5 and 28.5%, respectively), followed by chronic scleritis, granuloma, and chalazion (14.25, 14.25, and 14.25%, respectively). All these cases were treated with lesion excision, and only two patients (28.5%) progressed with recurrence.ConclusionIt was verified that there was a male predominance, with only one eye reported as an infected site, with no bilateral involvement. The younger age group (between 1 and 2 years of age) was more affected by oculosporidiosis, and histopathological examination was necessary for a conclusive diagnosis.
“…The appearance of mucosal lesions of rhinosporidiosis may mimic a neoplasm or papillomatosis, especially when they involve an atypical site. 15 Similarly, the cutaneous lesion of rhinosporidiosis may resemble a low-grade neoplasm, verrucous plaques, cutaneous horns, a granulomatous growth, or a furunculoid lesion. 9,16,17 In the index case, the mucosal lesion in the larynx appeared similar to papillomatosis caused by human papilloma virus, and the cutaneous lesion of the cheek resembled a wart caused by the same virus.…”
Rhinosporidiosis is a communicable disease prevalent in tropical countries that affects one or more mucocutaneous sites such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, skin, bronchus, genitals, and bone, in isolation or together. We report a case of multicentric rhinosporidiosis involving the nasal cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and cheek skin without disseminated disease outside the head and neck. Although the appearance of mucocutaneous lesions in our patient was similar to that of papilloma or neoplasm, the distinct clinicopathologic characteristics of the rhinosporidiosis guided us in managing the case successfully. In our own experience with 11 patients with rhinosporidiosis on whom we operated over the past 5 years, the nasal cavity and pharynx were the most commonly involved sites in the head and neck. Surgical excision of all lesions along with cauterization of the base and long-term dapsone therapy is the current standard of care for multicentric rhinosporidiosis.
“…Human reports are documented worldwide periodically. Though ocular form of human infection was first time reported from India, now reports from various parts of the globe especially from African countries have emerged (Gichuhi et al, 2014). Studies regarding their habitat are less and it is thought to be prevalent in water and soil.…”
Section: Geographical Distribution Epidemiology and Host Rangementioning
| Rhinosporidiosis is a non-contagious, sporadic, chronic granulomatous infection of man and large domestic animals, characterised by the production of large polyps with high recurrence rate. Polyps occur mainly in nasal, ocular regions; cutaneous and disseminated forms are relatively rare. Spread of these organisms to other areas in an affected person may involve blood, lymph or auto infection. Rhinosporidiosis has been reported form more than 70 countries and mainly the reports are concentrated from Sri Lanka and Southern India. Surgical removal of the polyp will be the cure and in some cases dapsone has given some cure. From the day of inception of this disease there had been a controversy for causative agent of this condition among eukaryotic protozoan parasite or algae or fungi or prokaryotic blue green algae which finally confirmed as a fungi Rhinosporidium seeberi. Recent works by various researchers shows that R. seeberi belong to the class Mesomycetozoea. Other mystery remains in its habitat and its inability to be cultured on laboratory media. Similarly, laboratory animal infection does not yield classical form of disease as it does in human and large animals. The pathogen is so mysterious that the mechanism behind evasion of immune mechanism is also not clear. Still various aspects of disease such as mode of transmission, mechanism of infection, biology of rhinosporidiosis, immunological response and laboratory culture techniques are unresolved mysteries due to paucity of documented data which demands more exploration. This review illustrates main features of rhinosporidiosis and systematic approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of this controversial pathogen.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
