2013
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10819
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Ocular Surface Parameters in Older Male Veterans

Abstract: PURPOSE. To characterize ocular surface discomfort and tear film parameters in a veteran population.METHODS. Male patients seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic aged 50 years or older were recruited to participate in the study. All patients had normal eyelid, corneal, and conjunctival anatomy. Patients filled out the Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 (DEQ5) and underwent measurement of tear film parameters. The main outcome measures were the frequency of ocular surface symptoms and the correlation between sympto… Show more

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Cited by 88 publications
(77 citation statements)
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“…In addition, all patients underwent tear film assessment including (1) tear osmolarity (TearLAB, San Diego, California, USA) (once in each eye), (2) tear breakup time (5 µL fluorescein placed, three measurements taken in each eye and averaged), (3) corneal staining (NEI scale, five areas of cornea assessed),15 (4) Schirmer testing with anaesthesia and (5) eyelid and meibomian gland assessment 16. Eyelid vascularity was graded on a scale of 0–3 (0, none; 1, mild telangiectasias; 2, moderate telangiectasias; 3, severe telangiectasias) as was meibomian gland plugging (0, none; 1, less than a third of lower eyelid margin; 2, 1/3 to 2/3 of eyelid margin; 3, >2/3 of eyelid margin).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, all patients underwent tear film assessment including (1) tear osmolarity (TearLAB, San Diego, California, USA) (once in each eye), (2) tear breakup time (5 µL fluorescein placed, three measurements taken in each eye and averaged), (3) corneal staining (NEI scale, five areas of cornea assessed),15 (4) Schirmer testing with anaesthesia and (5) eyelid and meibomian gland assessment 16. Eyelid vascularity was graded on a scale of 0–3 (0, none; 1, mild telangiectasias; 2, moderate telangiectasias; 3, severe telangiectasias) as was meibomian gland plugging (0, none; 1, less than a third of lower eyelid margin; 2, 1/3 to 2/3 of eyelid margin; 3, >2/3 of eyelid margin).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This cohort consisted of 263 patients with grossly normal eyelid, conjunctival and corneal anatomy. Exclusion criteria included age under 50 years, contact lens use, recent ocular surgery (<3 months), active anterior segment ocular disease other than dry eye (eg, keratitis) or a diagnosis of HIV, sarcoidosis, graft-versus host disease or any collagen vascular disease 12. Of the original 263 patients, we were able to recontact 102 members to re-evaluate their dry eye symptoms, as part of a quality improvement project.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the initial visit, all patients completed the DEQ53 and underwent an ocular surface examination. The ocular surface examination included measurement of tear osmolarity (TearLAB, San Diego, California, USA), tear break-up time, corneal staining (Oxford (Bron)), basal tear secretion test (Schirmer's strips with anaesthesia), and morphological and qualitative characterisation of the eyelid margin and meibomian glands 12. The DEQ5 was selected because its score combines patient responses regarding discomfort, dryness and tearing without considering visual function.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is commonly seen in dry eye as patient symptoms often do not mirror ocular surface findings. 73 The process of central sensitization may also initially be reversible, but it often becomes permanent (Figure 4).…”
Section: Central Sensitization and Chronic Dry Eye Symptomsmentioning
confidence: 99%