Ocular thelaziosis, an emergent zoonosis in Spain

López-Medrano, Ramiro; Calleja, Gloria Guerra; Morrondo, Carolina Díez; Fontán, Rosario Panadero

doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2016.02.026

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thelaziosis is an emerging arthropod-borne disease caused by Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), a nematode that, at both adult and larval stages, infects the eyes of domestic (ie, dogs and cats) and wild (eg, red foxes, wolves, beech martens, wild cats) carnivores, 1,2 lagomorphs (rabbits, brown hares) 1,3 and even humans. 4–7 T callipaeda was known as ‘the oriental eyeworm’, as it was thought to be confined to Asian countries, including India, Thailand, China and Japan. 8 However, following the first reports of T callipaeda infection in dogs in Italy, 2,9 the distribution of this ‘oriental eyeworm’ has since extended to larger parts of Europe, with enzootic areas in southern Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in Spain: state-of-the-art and first prophylactic trial in cats

Marino

Montoya

Mascuñán³

et al. 2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Thelaziosis caused by the nematode Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) affects the eyes of domestic and wild carnivores, lagomorphs and even humans. The role of cats in spreading thelaziosis remains unclear. The present study assesses the current status of feline T callipaeda infection in Spain and presents the results of the first prophylactic trial conducted in this species. Methods We retrospectively analysed the occurrence of feline thelaziosis (study 1), examined its prevalence based on cross-sectional sampling of endemic areas (study 2), and assessed the therapeutic/prophylactic benefits of a spot-on (moxidectin) and therapeutic efficacy of an eye drop (ivermectin) formulation (study 3). Results In study 1, 69 Thelazia-infected cats were examined. Autochthonous cases were detected in 18/26 municipalities surveyed in Spain, which corresponds to 88.4% (n = 61/69) of the total number of cases. In study 2, 74 cats (20 from La Vera region and 54 from Orense province) were examined from 2011 to 2013. Ten of these cats (13.5%) were infected with T callipaeda. The infection prevalence was 40% (n = 8/20) in La Vera and 3.7% (n = 2/54) in Orense. The therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin was assessed over a summer (2011) in 12 cats, while that of moxidectin was examined over a 17-month period in seven cats. Four of these seven cats were subsequently included in an all-year-round prophylaxis trial. Treatment efficacy ranged from 91.7% (ivermectin) on day 28 after treatment to 100% (moxidectin) on day 14. Moxidectin prevented reinfections in cats. Conclusions and relevance Our data confirm the endemic status of T callipaeda infection in Spain, revealing its high prevalence in cats living in known endemic areas. Moxidectin was effective in treating and preventing infection. We strongly recommend the inclusion of thelaziosis in the differential diagnosis of pets and humans presenting with ocular manifestations, along with adequate preventive measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporadic cases have been described in other animal species (eg, red foxes or grey wolves) 14–16 and even in humans. 4–7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in Spain: state-of-the-art and first prophylactic trial in cats

Marino

Montoya

Mascuñán³

et al. 2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Ocular thelaziosis: A case report of an emerging zoonosis

Martínez-Sánchez

Bolívar-De-Miguel

Cuadros-González

et al. 2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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Systematic review on infection and disease caused byThelazia callipaedain Europe: 2001–2020

et al. 2020

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Cases of thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda have been increasing considerably in Europe throughout the 21st century, with recent emphasis on Eastern Europe. A systematic review was conducted using defined search terms across three major databases and, additionally, with the examination of the references of the 56 articles selected. Available information about epidemiological and clinical features of all cases of thelaziosis by T. callipaeda in companion animals, wildlife and humans was extracted, evaluated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. In all cross-sectional studies about dogs, cats and red foxes, males were more frequently infected than females (dogs: p = 0.0365; cats: p = 0.0164; red foxes: p = 0.0082). Adult dogs seem to be more prone to infection (p < 0.0001), as well as large-sized dogs (p < 0.0001), and companion animals that live exclusively outdoors (p < 0.0001). Dogs and red foxes involved in these cross-sectional studies harboured significantly more female than male nematodes (p < 0.0001). Thelaziosis by T. callipaeda is far from controlled in Europe. Only through updated epidemiological data, knowledge improvement and awareness can correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment and prevention be ensured to tackle this zoonosis.

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Ocular thelaziosis, an emergent zoonosis in Spain

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Feline thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in Spain: state-of-the-art and first prophylactic trial in cats

Feline thelaziosis (Thelazia callipaeda) in Spain: state-of-the-art and first prophylactic trial in cats

Ocular thelaziosis: A case report of an emerging zoonosis

Systematic review on infection and disease caused byThelazia callipaedain Europe: 2001–2020

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