Oculomotor Function After Virtual Reality Use Differentiates Symptomatic from Asymptomatic Individuals

Morse, Stephen E.; Jiang, Baichuan

doi:10.1097/00006324-199909000-00021

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Clinically, reduced accommodation is frequently associated with exophoria in near, and excessive accommodation with near-point esophoria [38,52]. However, some studies have found reduced accommodation to be associated with near esophoria [32,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lenses vs spectacles in myopes: is there any difference in accommodative and binocular function?

Jiménez

Martínez-Almeida

Salas

et al. 2010

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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The results found in this study show a definite trend towards poorer accommodative and vergence function with the use of contact lenses in comparison to glasses. This downward trend, though not statistically significant in accommodative function (lower PRA values and less lens amplitude of accommodation) might suggest that temporal insufficiency in the accommodation process could be occurring while contact lenses are used, thereby possibly creating a lag in accommodation to reduce associated overconvergence. This would be manifested in more esophoric values being found in the vergence function. The higher accommodative lags found in this study with SCL could indicate that prolonged use of SCL in near tasks may provoke a continuous hyperopic retinal defocus, a risk factor for the onset and progression of myopia, as indicated in numerous studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lenses vs spectacles in myopes: is there any difference in accommodative and binocular function?

Jiménez

Martínez-Almeida

Salas

et al. 2010

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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show abstract

“…Besides, the CA/C ratio has been reported to alter with time when vergence demand is applied continuously. 12,13 In order to minimize this effect of adaptation, we performed the measurements in quick succession. We used the push-up method, that is, increasing prism disparities of convergence to elicit accommodative responses, but a random allocation of the prisms will minimize such biases and assure more accurate measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence Accommodation to Convergence (CA/C) Ratio in Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Decompensated Exophoria

2004

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“…Compared with older types of VR, many improvements have been made to reduce user discomfort including image resolution and corresponding processes for head movement. However, there are few ophthalmological studies investigating the effects of recent iterations of VR devices [7][8][9][10][11] Ha et al [7] investigated the clinical effects of the HMD on visual function, including the oculomotor system; they found no signi cant clinical changes, except for transient refractive error or binocular alignment. However, the study adopted the method of watching movies using VR rather than immersive content such as games.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Yoon

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths perception.Methods: Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed.Results: There were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye. Conclusions: The use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.

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Oculomotor Function After Virtual Reality Use Differentiates Symptomatic from Asymptomatic Individuals

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Contact lenses vs spectacles in myopes: is there any difference in accommodative and binocular function?

Contact lenses vs spectacles in myopes: is there any difference in accommodative and binocular function?

Convergence Accommodation to Convergence (CA/C) Ratio in Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Decompensated Exophoria

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

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