Oculomotor Response to Cumulative Subconcussive Head Impacts in US High School Football Players

Zonner, Steven W.; Ejima, Keisuke; Fulgar, Ciara C.; Charleston, Carmen N.; Huibregtse, Megan E.; Bevilacqua, Zachary W.; Kawata, Keisuke

doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6193

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study used an instrumented Vector mouthguard for measuring linear and rotational head kinematics during impact as previously described (16, 17, 28). The mouthguard employs a triaxial accelerometer (ADXL377, Analog Devices, Norwood, MA) with 200 g maximum per axis to sense linear acceleration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Increased Serum S100B Levels With High School Football Subconcussive Head Impacts

et al. 2019

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Astrocyte-enriched marker, S100B, shows promise for gauging the severity of acute brain trauma, and understanding subconcussive effects will advance its utility in tracking real-time acute brain damage. The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum S100B elevations were associated with frequency and magnitude of subconcussive head impacts in adolescents. This prospective cohort study of 17 high-school football players consisted of the following 12 time points: pre-season baseline, 5 in-season pre-post games, and post-season. A sensor-installed mouthguard recorded the number of head impacts, peak linear (PLA) and peak rotational (PRA) head accelerations from every practice and game. During the 5 games, players wore chest-strap heart-rate monitors to estimate players' excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), accounting for physical exertion effects. At each time point, blood samples were obtained and assessed for S100B and creatine kinase levels to account for astrocyte damage/activation and muscle damage, respectively. Using k -means clustering on the impact data, players were categorized into high- or low-impact group. Two players withdrew during the first month of the study. A total of 156 blood samples from 15 players were assessed for S100B and creatine kinase levels and included in the analysis. A median value of 596 head impacts from 15 players were recorded during all practices and games in a season. S100B levels were significantly elevated in all post-game measures compared with the respective pre-game values (median-increase, 0.022 μg/L; interquartile-range, 0.011–0.043 μg/L, p < 0.05 for all games). Greater acute S100B increases were significantly associated with greater impact frequency, sum of PLA and PRA, with negligible contributions from physical exertion and muscle damage effects. The high-impact group exhibited greater increases in serum S100B levels at post-games than the low-impact group (high vs. low, 0.043 ± 0.035 μg/L vs. 0.019 ± 0.017 μg/L, p = 0.002). The degree of acute S100B increases was correlated with subconcussive head impact exposure, suggesting that acute astrocyte damage may be induced in an impact-dependent manner. Acute changes in serum S100B levels may become a useful tool in monitoring real-time brain damage in sports.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Increased Serum S100B Levels With High School Football Subconcussive Head Impacts

et al. 2019

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“…Examination of Division 1 football players found those who sustained a greater frequency of head impacts, which did not result in a SRC, performed worse on a near point of convergence (NPC) test (Kawata et al 2016). Similarly, high school football players after a full season who had increased amounts of SCI had decreased NPC values similar to that of college athletes (Zonner et al 2019). Examination of university aged lacrosse players found a decline in a visuomotor tracking task performance following SCI (Brokaw et al 2018).…”

Section: Sub-concussive Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-related concussions and subconcussive impacts in athletes: incidence, diagnosis, and the emerging role of EPA and DHA

Lust

Mountjoy

Robinson

et al. 2020

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Sports-related concussions (SRC) are a traumatic brain injury induced as the result of a biomechanical force to the body which temporarily impairs neurological functions. Not all traumatic impacts reach the threshold necessary to produce concussive symptoms, however, the culmination of these events are known as sub-concussive impact(s) (SCI). Athletes who have been diagnosed with a SRC, or those who accumulate multiple SCI have exhibited structural damage to the brain, impairments to learning and memory, and an increase in depressive symptoms. This area is rapidly evolving and current clinical definitions of injury, diagnosis and treatment of SRC and SCI are reviewed. In tandem, there is also growing research examining the role of nutrition in brain injuries focused primarily on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).The potential role of which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce inflammation and promote recovery following brain injury are also reviewed. Overall, advancements in the evaluation of SRC and SCI coupled with n-3 PUFA supplementation shows promise in the management of brain injuries leading to better long-term health outcomes for athletes. Bullet Points: SRC have garnered widespread attention due to the growing body of reported prevalence in youth and professional sports. Current definitions and protocol(s) for diagnosing SRC and SCI have improved, but still require further evaluation. n-3, EPA and DHA, reduce inflammation and promote recovery following brain injuries in experimental models.

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“…Previous studies suggest that oculomotor functions can reflect subtle sensory impairment caused by subconcussive head impact incidents. For example, the near point of convergence (NPC), which measures the closest point of focus before diplopia occurs 5) , has been shown to in-crease from subconcussive head impacts [6][7][8][9] . In one study, 10 acute soccer headings immediately worsened NPC values by as much as 40% compared to baseline values, and this impairment persisted for more than 24 h 6,7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor response in male collegiate pole vaulters after repeated head impact due to falls from heights: a pilot longitudinal study

Hakozaki

Enoki

Sakihama

et al. 2021

JPFSM

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Subconcussive head impact exposure in sports is a complex public health issue.Although many head impacts are asymptomatic, the near point of convergence (NPC) that measures the closest point of focus before diplopia occurs, has been shown to reflect subclinical neuronal damage. Studies have not been conducted on the effect of repeated head impact exposure due to falls from heights, like in pole vaulting. This study examines the NPC response in collegiate pole vaulters with indirect head impact history due to falls from heights. This prospective observational study included four-pole vaulters and three decathletes. The study was conducted during the end of the Japanese collegiate track and field season.

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Oculomotor Response to Cumulative Subconcussive Head Impacts in US High School Football Players

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Association of Increased Serum S100B Levels With High School Football Subconcussive Head Impacts

Association of Increased Serum S100B Levels With High School Football Subconcussive Head Impacts

Sports-related concussions and subconcussive impacts in athletes: incidence, diagnosis, and the emerging role of EPA and DHA

Oculomotor response in male collegiate pole vaulters after repeated head impact due to falls from heights: a pilot longitudinal study

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