Oculoplastic reconstructions of eyelid defects — possibilities and limitations

Abstract

There have been advancements in contemporary therapeutic approaches for treating malignant eyelid tumors. The modern therapeutic approach for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) involves innovative, pathogenetically targeted local or systemic drug effects aimed at impacting the carcinogenic process. However, it is still surgery that remains a crucial aspect of the available therapeutic options. This involves microsurgical removal of the tumor within healthy tissue, followed by the subsequent coverage of resulting defects. For a successful recovery, it is essential that every surgeon practicing in the fields of aesthetic, plastic and reconstructive surgery in eyelids and lacrimal system becomes proficient in a diverse set of reconstructive techniques, and precisely plans each step in advance. In our review we would like to describe and comment on the most common techniques used in the field of oculoplastic surgery for eyelid and lacrimal system reconstruction. The review contains numerous detailed examples of reconstructive techniques after surcical tumor excision. The goal of reconstructive management of the eyelids is to restore their function, comfort, and cosmetic appearance. This paper discusses the typical clinical characteristics and frequently employed surgical methods for eyelid tumors excisions, considering anatomical features and functionality of the eyelids. The choice of surgical procedures for eyelid tumors is determined by the tumor's location, extent, and histology. Addressing a defect involving the medial or lateral canthus poses a unique surgical challenge.