Odd one in: Oddity within mixed‐species shoals does not affect shoal preference by vagrant tropical damselfish in the presence or absence of a predator

Paijmans, K.; Booth, David J.; Wong, Marian Y. L.

doi:10.1111/eth.13110

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Apart from differential preference by the predator, mixed shoals might also provide higher vigilance (using heterospecific alarm cues) and could be an additional reason for mixed shoaling in the presence of predators ( Ward et al, 2018 ). In consensus with our findings, damselfish ( Abudefduf vaigiensis ) associate equally with conspecific shoals and shoals of the phenotypically different Australian mado ( Atypichthys strigatus ), indicating that oddity is not a universal driver of shoaling decisions ( Paijmans et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

What drives mixed-species shoaling among wild zebrafish? The roles of predators, food access, abundance of conspecifics and familiarity

Mukherjee

Bhat

2023

Biology Open

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Mixed-species groups occur across a wide range of faunal communities and provide several benefits to members. While zebrafish have often been observed to form mixed-species shoals with coexisting species, the factors determining their occurrence are not yet fully understood. Shoals comprising zebrafish (Danio rerio), flying barbs (Esomus danricus), and whitespots (Aplocheilus panchax) were collected from a stagnant canal at Haringhata (West Bengal, India), and using laboratory-based experiments, we deciphered likely drivers of mixed-species shoaling among zebrafish. Experiments assessing foraging efficiency revealed that the amount of food consumed by zebrafish individuals in mixed shoals was comparable to the amount consumed by these individuals in conspecific shoals. Within mixed-species shoals, zebrafish individuals, despite being smaller than the other species, consumed a comparable amount of food as the other species. Shoal choice experiments revealed that under predator risk, zebrafish associate more with mixed shoals and showed comparable associations to shoals differing in the abundance of conspecifics. Furthermore, zebrafish preferred associating with familiar conspecifics over unfamiliar mixed and unfamiliar conspecific shoals. Therefore, equitable food consumption in mixed shoals, greater association with mixed shoals in the presence of predators, and familiarity were important in driving zebrafish towards mixed-species shoaling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

What drives mixed-species shoaling among wild zebrafish? The roles of predators, food access, abundance of conspecifics and familiarity

Mukherjee

Bhat

2023

Biology Open

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“…Table 6 provides examples of these claims. "These results suggest that shoal composition may not be an important driver of shoal choice in this system" Paijmans et al, 2021 "…suggesting that size is not a determinant factor for feral horse society. "…”

Section: Abstract Population Claimsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reporting and interpreting non-significant results in animal cognition research

Farrar¹,

Vernouillet²,

Garcia‐Pelegrin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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How negative results are reported and interpreted following null hypothesis significance testing is often criticised. With small sample sizes and often low number of test trials, studies in animal cognition are prone to producing non-significant p-values, irrespective of whether this is a false negative or true negative result. Thus, we assessed how negative results are reported and interpreted across published articles in animal cognition and related fields. In this study, we manually extracted and classified how researchers report and interpret non-significant p-values, and examined the p-value distribution of these non-significant results. We found a large amount of heterogeneity in how researchers report non-significant p-values in the result sections of articles, and how they interpret them in the titles and abstracts. “No Effect” interpretations were common in the titles (84%), abstracts (64%), and results sections (41%) of papers, whereas “Non-Significant” interpretations were less common in the titles (0%) and abstracts (26%), but were present in the results (52%). Discussions of effect sizes were rare (<5% of articles). A p-value distribution analysis was consistent with research being performed with low power research to detect effect sizes of interest.

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“…For example, one study found that, after accounting for group size differences, zebras in mixed-species groups under high predation risk had nearly an hour of extra foraging time, compared to zebras in single-species groups, owing to reduced investment in costly vigilance behaviours [17]. On the other hand, the 'predator confusion effect', a key mechanism by which groups neutralize predator attacks, may be less effective in mixed-species groups owing to phenotypic dissimilarity among group members [11,16,18,19]. However, this dissimilarity may provide a benefit in terms of foraging, as heterospecific group members can have partially distinct diets, reducing food competition compared to single-species groups [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the social context of single- and mixed-species group formation in large African herbivores

Saltz

Palmer

Beaudrot

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Despite continued interest in mixed-species groups, we still lack a unified understanding of how ecological and social processes work across scales to influence group formation. Recent work has revealed ecological correlates of mixed-species group formation, but the mechanisms by which concomitant social dynamics produce these patterns, if at all, is unknown. Here, we use camera trap data for six mammalian grazer species in Serengeti National Park. Building on previous work, we found that ecological variables, and especially forage quality, influenced the chances of species overlap over small spatio-temporal scales (i.e. on the scales of several metres and hours). Migratory species (gazelle, wildebeest and zebra) were more likely to have heterospecific partners available in sites with higher forage quality, but the opposite was true for resident species (buffalo, hartebeest and topi). These findings illuminate the circumstances under which mixed-species group formation is even possible. Next, we found that greater heterospecific availability was associated with an increased probability of mixed-species group formation in gazelle, hartebeest, wildebeest and zebra, but ecological variables did not further shape these patterns. Overall, our results are consistent with a model whereby ecological and social drivers of group formation are species-specific and operate on different spatio-temporal scales. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.

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Odd one in: Oddity within mixed‐species shoals does not affect shoal preference by vagrant tropical damselfish in the presence or absence of a predator

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

What drives mixed-species shoaling among wild zebrafish? The roles of predators, food access, abundance of conspecifics and familiarity

What drives mixed-species shoaling among wild zebrafish? The roles of predators, food access, abundance of conspecifics and familiarity

Reporting and interpreting non-significant results in animal cognition research

Identifying the social context of single- and mixed-species group formation in large African herbivores

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