“…We selected a subset of the dental follicles containing DLRs for further analysis of the expression of a number of proliferation and stem cell markers which have been identified in the shark dental lamina. Furthermore, we compared the proliferative and stem characters of DLRs to human ameloblastoma, a known derivative of aberrant DLR proliferation 8 .Figure 2( A–C ) Photomicrographs of H&E stained Dental follicles containing dental lamina rests (Overall magnification: A x200, B x400, C x400), with panel A and C demonstrating the variability in size and extent in DLRs seen. ( D ) Summary of the clinical demographics of the Dental Follicle and Dentigerous Cyst cases, with prevalence of DLRS from all cases accessions from 2010 to 2014.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that these rested cell populations possess some ability to further proliferate as they can form a number of aberrant structures in the human oral cavity, including odontomas and ameloblastomas 8 ; these odontogenic tumours are considered hamartoma or benign neoplasms respectively, but can be very destructive 9 . We aimed to compare these epithelial remnants (DLRs) with epithelia associated with both human ameloblastoma, and a continuously active dental lamina present in the shark ( Scyliorhinus canicula ) necessary for lifelong tooth regeneration 2,3 .…”
The human dentition is a typical diphyodont mammalian system with tooth replacement of most positions. However, after dental replacement and sequential molar development, the dental lamina undergoes apoptosis and fragments, leaving scattered epithelial units (dental lamina rests; DLRs). DLRs in adult humans are considered inactive epithelia, thought to possess limited capacity for further regeneration. However, we show that these tissues contain a small proportion of proliferating cells (assessed by both Ki67 and PCNA) but also express a number of common dental stem cell markers (Sox2, Bmi1, β-catenin and PH3) similar to that observed in many vertebrates that actively, and continuously regenerate their dentition. We compared these human tissues with the dental lamina of sharks that regenerate their dentition throughout life, providing evidence that human tissues have the capacity for further and undocumented regeneration. We also assessed cases of human ameloblastoma to characterise further the proliferative signature of dental lamina rests. Ameloblastomas are assumed to derive from aberrant lamina rests that undergo changes, which are not well understood, to form a benign tumour. We suggest that dental lamina rests can offer a potential source of important dental stem cells for future dental regenerative therapy. The combined developmental genetic data from the shark dental lamina and ameloblastoma may lead to the development of novel methods to utilise these rested populations of adult lamina stem cells for controlled tooth replacement in humans.
“…We selected a subset of the dental follicles containing DLRs for further analysis of the expression of a number of proliferation and stem cell markers which have been identified in the shark dental lamina. Furthermore, we compared the proliferative and stem characters of DLRs to human ameloblastoma, a known derivative of aberrant DLR proliferation 8 .Figure 2( A–C ) Photomicrographs of H&E stained Dental follicles containing dental lamina rests (Overall magnification: A x200, B x400, C x400), with panel A and C demonstrating the variability in size and extent in DLRs seen. ( D ) Summary of the clinical demographics of the Dental Follicle and Dentigerous Cyst cases, with prevalence of DLRS from all cases accessions from 2010 to 2014.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that these rested cell populations possess some ability to further proliferate as they can form a number of aberrant structures in the human oral cavity, including odontomas and ameloblastomas 8 ; these odontogenic tumours are considered hamartoma or benign neoplasms respectively, but can be very destructive 9 . We aimed to compare these epithelial remnants (DLRs) with epithelia associated with both human ameloblastoma, and a continuously active dental lamina present in the shark ( Scyliorhinus canicula ) necessary for lifelong tooth regeneration 2,3 .…”
The human dentition is a typical diphyodont mammalian system with tooth replacement of most positions. However, after dental replacement and sequential molar development, the dental lamina undergoes apoptosis and fragments, leaving scattered epithelial units (dental lamina rests; DLRs). DLRs in adult humans are considered inactive epithelia, thought to possess limited capacity for further regeneration. However, we show that these tissues contain a small proportion of proliferating cells (assessed by both Ki67 and PCNA) but also express a number of common dental stem cell markers (Sox2, Bmi1, β-catenin and PH3) similar to that observed in many vertebrates that actively, and continuously regenerate their dentition. We compared these human tissues with the dental lamina of sharks that regenerate their dentition throughout life, providing evidence that human tissues have the capacity for further and undocumented regeneration. We also assessed cases of human ameloblastoma to characterise further the proliferative signature of dental lamina rests. Ameloblastomas are assumed to derive from aberrant lamina rests that undergo changes, which are not well understood, to form a benign tumour. We suggest that dental lamina rests can offer a potential source of important dental stem cells for future dental regenerative therapy. The combined developmental genetic data from the shark dental lamina and ameloblastoma may lead to the development of novel methods to utilise these rested populations of adult lamina stem cells for controlled tooth replacement in humans.
“…Our group has previously done extensive studies and reviews on stem cells [ 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ]. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the inherent ability in giving rise to multiple cell phenotypes and can be categorized into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.…”
Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular tissue; progressive visual disturbance; and may result in loss of visual function in patients if early and effective treatments are not received. The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat vision impairment and blindness resulting from microbial infections involve antimicrobial therapy to eliminate the offending pathogens or in severe cases; by surgical methods and retinal prosthesis replacing of the infected area. In cases where there is concurrent inflammation, once infection is controlled, anti-inflammatory agents are indicated to reduce ocular damage from inflammation which ensues. Despite advances in medical research; progress in the control of ocular microbial infections remains slow. The varying level of ocular tissue recovery in individuals and the incomplete visual functional restoration indicate the chief limitations of current strategies. The development of a more extensive therapy is needed to help in healing to regain vision in patients. Stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can give rise to a vast variety of cell types following proper differentiation protocol. Stem cell therapy shows promise in reducing inflammation and repairing tissue damage on the eye caused by microbial infections by its ability to modulate immune response and promote tissue regeneration. This article reviews a selected list of common infectious agents affecting the eye; which include fungi; viruses; parasites and bacteria with the aim of discussing the current antimicrobial treatments and the associated therapeutic challenges. We also provide recent updates of the advances in stem cells studies on sepsis therapy as a suggestion of optimum treatment regime for ocular microbial infections.
“…In humans, the dental epithelial disappeared after tooth eruption, making it difficult to obtain dental epithelial stem cells in adults. The only surviving cell sources in the adult human tooth are the epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) (Padma Priya et al, ). Recent studies show that epithelial‐like stem cells can be obtained from the ERM of the human periodontal ligaments (Athanassiou‐Papaefthymiou et al, ) and deciduous dental pulp (Nam and Lee, ).…”
Section: The Classification Of Dental Derived Stem Cellmentioning
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