Odor and Pheromone Molecules, Receptors, and Behavioral Responses

Touhara, Kazushige

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54376-3_2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…It would not only require identifying the ecologically relevant odors, but also knowing which genetic makeup generates higher sensitivity to these stimuli and better discrimination between them. Although this approach is beginning to be established, 50 we are still far from understanding the environment-olfaction interaction in such resolution for any species, let alone for primates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Led by the nose: Olfaction in primate feeding ecology

Nevo¹,

Heymann²

2015

Evolutionary Anthropology

104

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Olfaction, the sense of smell, was a latecomer to the systematic investigation of primate sensory ecology after long years in which it was considered to be of minor importance.1 This view shifted with the growing understanding of its role in social behavior2 and the accumulation of physiological studies demonstrating that the olfactory abilities of some primates are on a par with those of olfactory-dependent mammals such as dogs and rodents.3,4 Recent years have seen a proliferation of physiological, behavioral, anatomical, and genetic investigations of primate olfaction. These investigations have begun to shed light on the importance of olfaction in the process of food acquisition. However, integration of these works has been limited. It is therefore still difficult to pinpoint large-scale evolutionary scenarios, namely the functions that the sense of smell fulfills in primates’ feeding ecology and the ecological niches that favor heavier reliance on olfaction. Here, we review available behavioral and physiological studies of primates in the field or captivity and try to elucidate how and when the sense of smell can help them acquire food.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Led by the nose: Olfaction in primate feeding ecology

Nevo¹,

Heymann²

2015

Evolutionary Anthropology

104

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“…This assessment can identify the most odorous areas and develop effective strategies to minimise malodorous emissions in the urban environment. Many scientists note the strong correlation between odorant emission sources and odour concentrations and their significant impact on the quality of life of residents living in areas near these sources, as well as their social and economic relations [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour Load of Selected Elements of the Technological Line at a Municipal Waste Biogas Plant

2022

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Technological processes associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) processing are a potential source of odorant emissions, i.e., substances that cause negative olfactory impressions. When released into the atmosphere, these substances can cause odour nuisance complaints from residents. Many scientists have noted the strong relationship between odorant emission sources and odour concentrations and their significant impact on the living comfort of residents near these sources, as well as their social and economic relations. This paper attempts to estimate the odour load of selected elements of the technological sequence of a biogas plant processing municipal waste. Odour load was characterised by four constituents: odorant emissions, odour emissions, the variability of these emissions, and the emission levels per 1 Mg (1000 kg) of waste. The highest odour emissions accompany the storage of mixed MSW, which is associated with a large amount of waste. Limiting the storage time of waste should be an indispensable part of the technological regime. The dominant odorant associated with mixed MSW storage is NH3 emissions. The greatest variability of odorant and odour emissions concerns gases captured from selectively collected waste plastics and metals, due to the varied forms of selective waste collection in the service area, and their unstable efficiency. High variability of NH3 and odour emissions also accompanies digestate dewatering.

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“…It would not only require identifying the ecologically relevant odors, but also knowing which genetic makeup generates higher sensitivity to these stimuli and better discrimination between them. Although this approach is beginning to be established (Touhara 2014), we are still far from understanding the environment-olfaction interaction in such resolution for any species, let alone for primates.…”

Section: Box 22 the Genetics Of Olfaction And Comparative Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Ecology of Primate Seed Dispersal

Nevo¹

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Many tropical angiosperms rely on frugivores for seed dispersal and evolved fleshy fruits to attract them. Although both sides of the interaction are generalists, frugivores do not feed on the full range of fruit species in their habitats and angiosperms rely on the dispersal services of only a share of the frugivore community. This observation led to the "Dispersal Syndrome Hypothesis", which postulates that over time fruits evolve to specialize on certain guilds of frugivorous seed dispersers and consequently their traits evolve in response to the dietary and sensory capacities of their main dispersal agents.Fruit traits such as size, seed size and husk thickness have been shown to be malleable to selection pressures exerted by their main seed-dispersal vectors. Additionally, due to competition for dispersal services and the need to promote consumption of ripe fruits and thus dispersal of mature seeds, fruits are also under selection pressures to provide reliable signals for ripeness. A prime example is fruit color, which has evolved independently in many bird-dispersed species to signal ripeness and possibly nutrient content. Fruit odor, similarly, has been speculated to be a signaling system between plants and frugivores with elaborated olfactory capabilities, but this has only recently received support in figs (genus Ficus) dispersed by bats. Yet data are still restricted to the narrow bat-fig model system and it is not clear whether fruit olfactory signaling has evolved in other plant genera and in the communication with other taxa, and thus indeed a recurring component of some Dispersal Syndromes.Primates are one of the most important seed dispersal vectors in the tropics. Until recently, their olfactory capabilities were considered low and thus irrelevant for the study of their feeding ecology.This view has been utterly revisited over the past years and primates are now known to possess high olfactory capacities. Therefore, under the framework of the Dispersal Syndrome Hypothesis, it is likely that fruits whose seeds they disperse evolved olfactory signals for ripeness, too. This thesis explores the evolution and functions of fruit aroma in the communication between primates and plants. The first chapter is a theoretical review regarding the roles of olfaction in primate feeding ecology. It concludes, based on available behavioral works, that frugivory is the

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Odor and Pheromone Molecules, Receptors, and Behavioral Responses

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Led by the nose: Olfaction in primate feeding ecology

Led by the nose: Olfaction in primate feeding ecology

Odour Load of Selected Elements of the Technological Line at a Municipal Waste Biogas Plant

The Chemical Ecology of Primate Seed Dispersal

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