Odour and ammonia emissions following the spreading of anaerobically-digested pig slurry on grassland

Pain, B. F.; Misselbrook, Tom; Clarkson, C. R.; Rees, Y. J.

doi:10.1016/0269-7483(90)90027-p

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Significantly higher NH 3 losses from treatments fertilized with biogas digestate were observed compared to those fertilized with cattle slurry. This is in line with several other studies (Messner, 1988, Döhler and Haring, 1989(cited in Döhler and Horlacher, 2010; Amon et al, 2006;Möller and Stinner, 2009;Pacholski et al, 2010;Ni et al, 2011), whereas Pain et al (1990), Rubaek et al (1996), Wulf et al (2002a) and Clemens et al (2006) found no differences between anaerobic digested slurries and other animal slurries. However, it has to be taken into account that the present results are based only on measurements from a single application event.…”

Section: N-losses By Nh 3 Volatilizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Eickenscheidt

Freibauer²,

Heinichen

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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Abstract.A change in German energy policy has resulted in a strong increase in the number of biogas plants in Germany. As a consequence, huge amounts of nutrient-rich residues, the by-products of the fermentative process, are used as organic fertilizers. Drained peatlands are increasingly used to satisfy the huge demand for fermentative substrates (e.g., energy crops, grass silage) and the digestate is returned to the peatlands. However, drained organic soils are considered as hot spots for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and organic fertilization is additionally known to increase N 2 O emissions from managed grasslands. Our study addressed the questions (a) to what extent biogas digestate and cattle slurry application increase N 2 O and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes as well as the mineral nitrogen use efficiency (NUE min ) and grass yield, and (b) how different soil organic matter contents (SOMs) and nitrogen contents promote the production of N 2 O. In addition NH 3 volatilization was determined at one application event to obtain first clues with respect to the effects of soil and fertilizer types. The study was conducted at two sites within a grassland parcel, which differed in their soil organic carbon (SOC) and N contents. At each site (named C orgmedium and C org -high) three plots were established: one was fertilized five times with biogas digestate, one with cattle slurry, and the third served as control plot. On each plot, fluxes of N 2 O and CH 4 were measured on three replicates over 2 years using the closed chamber method. For NH 3 measurements we used the calibrated dynamic chamber method. On an annual basis, the application of biogas digestate significantly enhanced the N 2 O fluxes compared to the application of cattle slurry and additionally increased the plant N-uptake and NUE min . Furthermore, N 2 O fluxes from the C org -high treatments significantly exceeded N 2 O fluxes from the C org -medium treatments. Annual cumulative emissions ranged from 0.91 ± 0.49 to 3.14 ± 0.91 kg N ha −1 yr −1 . Significantly different CH 4 fluxes between the investigated treatments or the different soil types were not observed. Cumulative annual CH 4 exchange rates varied between −0.21±0.19 and −1.06 ± 0.46 kg C ha −1 yr −1 . Significantly higher NH 3 losses, NUE min and grass yields from treatments fertilized with biogas digestate compared to those fertilized with cattle slurry were observed. The total NH 3 losses following the splash plate application were 18.17 kg N ha −1 for the digestate treatments and 3.48 kg N ha −1 for the slurry treatments (36 and 15 % of applied NH

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Section: N-losses By Nh 3 Volatilizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Eickenscheidt

Freibauer²,

Heinichen

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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“…At each presentation, human panellists are asked to indicate perceived hedonic value, using a ninepoint hedonic scale ranging from very pleasant to offensive. Pain et al (1990) described a six-point scale only. The hedonic value of all panel members at each concentration level is calculated, and plotted against the odour concentration in ou E /m 3 .…”

Section: Hedonic Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

Odour from animal production facilities: its relationship to diet

et al. 2005

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Though bad odour has always been associated with animal production, it did not attract much research attention until in many countries the odour production and emission from intensified animal production caused serious nuisance and was implicated in the health problems of individuals living near animal farms. Odour from pig production facilities is generated by the microbial conversion of feed in the large intestine of pigs and by the microbial conversion of pig excreta under anaerobic conditions and in manure stores. Assuming that primary odour-causing compounds arise from an excess of degradable protein and a lack of specific fermentable carbohydrates during microbial fermentation, the main dietary components that can be altered to reduce odour are protein and fermentable carbohydrates. In the present paper we aim to give an up-to-date review of studies on the relationship between diet composition and odour production, with the emphasis on protein and fermentable carbohydrates. We hypothesise how odour might be changed and/or reduced by altering the diet of pigs. Research so far has mainly focused on the single effects of different levels of crude protein and fermentable carbohydrates on odour production. However, also important for odour formation are the sources of protein and fermentable carbohydrates. In addition, it is not only the amount and source of these compounds that is important, but also the balance between them. On the basis of our review of the literature, we hypothesise that odour nuisance from pig production facilities might be reduced significantly if there is an optimum balance between protein and fermentable carbohydrates in the diet of pigs.

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“…The effects have been attributed to an increased infiltration rate of digested slurry and the liquid fraction into soil and subsequent reduced emission (Pain et al, 1990;Hansen et al, 2006). Anaerobic digestion of manure may reduce production of odorants, including volatile fatty acids (VFA) and thereby reduces odour emission potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient value, odour emission and energy production of manure as influenced by anaerobic digestion and separation

Hjorth

Nielsen

Nyord

et al. 2008

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Crop fields can be fertilised by application of manure because manure contains fertilising elements such as N and P, and organic matter that enhances soil physical properties. However, application of manure may also cause P and N pollution of surroundings, odour emission and waste of energy. A solution may be to apply an improved liquid manure fraction resulting from manure separation and anaerobic digestion. As previous studies have only focused on the factors individually, we carried out here a system analysis with the aim of optimising all the factors simultaneously. We tested three solid-liquid separations on raw manure and manure pre-digested in a biogas reactor, with the separation treatments being coagulation, flocculation and filtration, which differed mainly with respect to coagulant volume, and the N:P ratio of the products was measured. The NH 3 and odour emission was determined from the liquid fractions during storage and after soil application, while the energy produced at anaerobic digestion of the solid fractions was measured. Our results show that energy production at digestion increased with decreasing coagulant volume, but was largely unaffected by anaerobic digestion whether performed both before and after or only after separation. Odour generation was reduced by pre-digestion. With increasing coagulant volume and without pre-digestion, the nutrient value of the liquid fraction was improved the most, as shown by an increase in the N/P ratio of the liquid fraction and by a decrease in NH 3 emissions from stores and fields. The data proved that mechanical separation of raw manure, added coagulant and polymer, followed by anaerobic digestion of the solid fraction was the optimum strategy from a whole animal manure management perspective. The coagulant volume can be adjusted to favour either nutrient value and NH 3 emission, or energy production.animal slurry / solid-liquid separation / flocculation / biogas / NH 3 emission / storage / soil application

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Odour and ammonia emissions following the spreading of anaerobically-digested pig slurry on grassland

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Odour from animal production facilities: its relationship to diet

Nutrient value, odour emission and energy production of manure as influenced by anaerobic digestion and separation

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