Odours from friends and foes: ecological consequences of volatiles from soil-borne fungion plant growth and defence against herbivoress

Abstract

Volatiles of pathogenic and non-pathogenic soil-borne fungi affect plant development and resistance to insects Chapter 3 Fungal volatiles influence plant defence against aboveground and belowground herbivory Chapter 4 No evidence of modulation of indirect plant resistance by volatiles from soilborne fungi Chapter 5 Volatiles from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum affect interactions of Brassica rapa plants with root herbivores Chapter 6 Volatiles from soil-borne fungi affect directionnal growth of roots Chapter 7 General Discussion List of references Summaries English version French version German version Chapter 1 General introduction 10 11 General introduction Plants are naturally exposed below-and aboveground to macro-and microorganisms, which form the phytobiome. Members of the phytobiome comprise deleterious organisms such as herbivores and pathogens, as well as mutualists such as natural enemies of herbivores and plant-growth promoting microbes. Together, these members form complex networks of positive and negative interactions and can directly or indirectly influence each other via chemical cues (