Œsophageal Lesions in Northern Iran: A Premalignant Condition?

Crespi, Massimo; Grassi, Antonio; Amiri, G; Muñóz, Núbia; Aramesh, B; Mojtabai, A; Casale, Valentina

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90236-8

Cited by 83 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Chronic esophagitis is usually followed by mucosal atrophy and then squamous metaplasia, which has been proposed as a possible precancerous lesion. 16,[20][21][22] Similar events were previously noted in experimental models 23,24 as well as in large epidemiologic studies in China. 12 It has been postulated that thermal injury resulting from drinking very hot beverages and physical injury caused by ingesting very coarse food could be an additional risk factor for the development of these precursor lesions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…16 It has long been known that in all of the highest incidence areas of the world, the sex ratio tends to approach unity. 17 In this study, male-tofemale ratio is 3:2, which may suggest an equal exposure of both sexes to the same environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Such esophagitis is characterized by irregular friable mucosa with varying degrees of edema, hyperemia, and leukoplakia but without ulceration, and it usually involves the middle and lower third of the esophagus without invasion of the cardiac region of the stomach. This is in contrast to esophagitis in low-risk populations in Europe, which is characterized by erosions and ulcerations and usually involves the gastroesophageal junction because of reflux.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic Aspects of Esophageal Cancer in Saudi Arabian Patients

Amer

1985

Ann Saudi Med

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Between September 1978 and December 1982, 98 patients with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, were studied. There were 59 (60%) males and 39 (40%) females with a mean age of 56.8 years. One third of the males (36%) were either Bedouin or farmers, while all females were housewives. Half of the patients (48%) were of low socioeconomic status. Twenty-two patients (22%) had evidence of cachexia, and 35 (35%) had a clinical picture of mild vitamin A deficiency. Nutritional assessment showed malnutrition for years preceding cancer diagnosis. All patients reported consumption of Arabic coffee averaging 10 cups a day. Twenty cases (20%) were referred from Al-Qaseem area alone; in contrast, only 4% of total cancer patient referrals to KFSH were from this area (P < 0.05). When compared to population density, the highest prevalence of esophageal cancer was also noted in Al-Qaseem compared to other areas in the Kingdom (P < 0.05). It has been suggested that the high incidence of esophageal cancer in this region may be related to the heavy water contamination in this area by such impurities as methane gas and petroleum oils. Malnutrition, particularly vitamin A deficiency, as well as thermal and mechanical injury to the esophageal mucosa by excessively hot coffee and food intake, may have promoted such malignancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic Aspects of Esophageal Cancer in Saudi Arabian Patients

Amer

1985

Ann Saudi Med

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“…There is conflicting evidence as to whether heredity is concerned in oesophageal carcinoma. Although no evidence of familial association was reported in the Danish study (Postlethwait & Sealy, 1979), there are reports from Iran indicating a 28% familial incidence (Crespi et al 1979), and another in which thirteen cases have been described in three generations (Pour & Ghadiriam, 1974). A similar high incidence was described in Kazakhstan in Russia (Kaufman et al I 965).…”

Section: W Silber I985mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(a) Chronic oesophagitis: Localized chronic oesophagitis has been described as the most frequent finding in carcinoma of the oesophagus in Iran (86%) (Crespi et al 1979). This has also been stated to be a constant finding in the Transkei (Rose, 1981).…”

Section: W Silber I985mentioning

confidence: 99%