Oeuvres / réunies par Pasteur Vallery-Radot.

Pasteur, Louis; Vallery-Radot, P

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.22971

Cited by 25 publications

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“…To show that this front propagation follows general scaling arguments, we characterize the sharp and fast motile to nonmotile transition occurring when bacteria exhaust oxygen. Additionally, we develop a novel technique to quantify oxygen in situ without affecting bacteria.Life without air is one of Pasteur's main discoveries [1]. He pointed out that some ''ferments'' were able to live without oxygen by producing butyric acid and he called them ''anaerobes.''…”

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“…Life without air is one of Pasteur's main discoveries [1]. He pointed out that some ''ferments'' were able to live without oxygen by producing butyric acid and he called them ''anaerobes.''…”

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“…Thus as soon as anaerobiosis was discovered, a correlation was made between oxygen and the motility of bacteria. He also showed that some microorganisms are facultative anaerobes, using oxygen when it is present but performing fermentation otherwise, the so-called Pasteur's effect [2]. Much later Monod established that this regulation indeed occurs at a genetic level, introducing modern concepts of the regulation of gene expression [3].…”

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E. Coliand Oxygen: A Motility Transition

et al. 2009

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The motility of Escherichia coli is correlated with oxygen concentration. We show that oxygen penetrating into an anaerobic sample induces the coexistence of two domains of motile and nonmotile bacteria. This coexistence generates a bacterial accumulation at the border that propagates slowly with a constant velocity. To show that this front propagation follows general scaling arguments, we characterize the sharp and fast motile to nonmotile transition occurring when bacteria exhaust oxygen. Additionally, we develop a novel technique to quantify oxygen in situ without affecting bacteria.

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E. Coliand Oxygen: A Motility Transition

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“…A lot of water has flowed under the bridge since Lister revolutionized the practice of surgery on the initial assumption that it was 'les corpuscules organisees dans l'atmosphere' (Pasteur, 1862) that were the agents of surgical sepsis. Although he was ultimately persuaded that other routes predominated it is perhaps fitting in this year, the 75th anniversary of his death, that surgery should be a part of medicine where control of bacterial air contamination has not only been achieved but also shown to prevent infection.…”

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Joseph Lister and Infection from the Air

Lidwell¹

1987

Epidemiol. Infect.

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In his book, Floating Matter of the Air, John Tyndall (Tyndall, p. 262) quotes from Robert Boyle's ‘Essay on the Pathological Part of Physik’ ‘that he who thoroughly understands the nature of ferments and fermentations shall probably … give a fair account of divers phenomena of several diseases, which will perhaps be never properly understood without an insight into the doctrine of fermentations'. It was more than a century and a half before the first part of this suggestion was fulfilled, after which the unravelling of the causes of infective diseases proceeded rapidly. In 1836 de la Tour and, almost simultaneously, Schwann (Tyndall, p. 7) discovered, in yeast, the agent of fermentation as a living organism which reproduced itself in endless succession. Schwann also observed that putrefaction in meat broth did not set in if this was kept in contact, not with ordinary air, but with air which had been previously brought to a high temperature.

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“…En 1885, l'inoculation des moelles virulentes à Joseph Meister scelle définitivement la légende pasteurienne [10]. P a s t e u r e s t u n b o n p è re d e f a m i l l e , un grand-père très attentif comme en témoigne sa correspondance [23]. Croyant et soutenant le pouvoir, il ressemble à un bourgeois de son siècle.…”

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Les Hommes de science célèbres

Opinel¹

2013

Hegel

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Historienne des Sciences Louis Pasteur est né à Dole, dans le Jura, le 27 décembre 1822 dans une famille de tanneurs [1] laquelle, en 1831, s'installe à Arbois. Pasteur y est admis au Collège jusqu'à son départ pour le Collège royal de Besançon où il passe son baccalauréat ès lettres en 1840 et son baccalauréat ès sciences mathématiques en 1842 à Dijon. Admis en 1843 à l'École normale supérieure, licencié ès sciences en 1845, il est nommé professeur de physique dans un lycée en Ardèche tout en conservant un poste d'agrégé préparateur à l'École normale supérieure. Après son doctorat ès sciences (physique et chimie) en 1847, Pasteur est affecté au poste de professeur suppléant de Chimie à la Faculté des sciences de Strasbourg puis, en 1854, il est affecté à Lille, comme professeur puis doyen de la nouvelle Faculté des Sciences [1]. En 1857, promu administrateur de l'École normale supérieure et directeur des études scientifiques, il installe, l'année suivante, son laboratoire dans les combles de l'École de la rue d'Ulm à Paris. En 1867, Pasteur crée un laboratoire de chimie physiologique à l'École normale supérieure et est nommé professeur de chimie organique à la Sorbonne. En 1868, Pasteur est atteint d'une hémiplégie gauche suite à une première attaque ; une seconde en 1887 le contraint à diminuer ses activités. Il meurt à Villeneuve l'Étang, en région parisienne, en 1895 [1].

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Oeuvres / réunies par Pasteur Vallery-Radot.

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

E. Coliand Oxygen: A Motility Transition

E. Coliand Oxygen: A Motility Transition

Joseph Lister and Infection from the Air

Les Hommes de science célèbres

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