Of dogs and men

Pavlidis, Pavlos; Somel, Mehmet

doi:10.1126/science.abe7823

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The misconception that "evolution is not something we see in our daily lives" is also addressed. At the end of the activity, teachers can include more information about the scientific evidence that supports the evolution of dogs as the first species domesticated by humans, either through news (e.g., Funk, 2020;Pavlidis & Somel 2020) or by reading excerpts from scientific articles about dog evolution (e.g., Kaminski et al, 2019;Bergström, et al 2020). For a summary of scientific information about dog evolution, see Appendix S1 (in the Supplemental Material available with the online version of this article).…”

Section: Overview Of Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inquiry-Based Activities for Teaching about Natural Selection

Núñez¹,

Castillo²,

Hinojosa³

et al. 2022

The American Biology Teacher

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Teaching evolution is one of the most difficult tasks in biology education since there are a great variety of obstacles to its understanding. The inclusion of the nature of science and scientific inquiry, the connection with aspects of daily life, work based on scientific argumentation, and the use of empirical studies from current research have been identified as important aspects to include in teaching evolution. In this work, we present a series of three activities, which were developed after considering all the recommendations of the literature described above. The sequence begins with the example of the evolution of one of the species most loved by students: dogs. Through argumentation, students make their preconceptions explicit. After this, a long-term experiment about artificial selection in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) is presented (see Glaze, 2018) as part of the reflection on the experimental evidence that supports evolution. Finally, students are asked to generate a hypothesis about how they think the domestication process of wolves occurred, eventually resulting in dogs. The outcomes of implementation in high school classrooms and biology teacher education are discussed.

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Section: Overview Of Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inquiry-Based Activities for Teaching about Natural Selection

Núñez¹,

Castillo²,

Hinojosa³

et al. 2022

The American Biology Teacher

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“…However, the formation of toxic byproducts (e.g., trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles) and residues in disinfected water is problematic due to their carcinogenic effects on humans. [ 5–7 ] Alternatively, thermal‐based water treatments, such as multi‐effect distillation, can inactivate microbes and remove most contaminants by repeated boiling of wastewater or seawater. [ 8 ] However, these methods require high energy consumption and centralized infrastructures, raising a burden for off‐grid communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering of Hydrogels for Rapid Water Disinfection and Sustainable Solar Vapor Generation

et al. 2021

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Consumption of unsafe water is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing regions. Pasteurizing or boiling water to remove pathogens is energy‐intensive and often impractical to off‐grid communities. Therefore, low capital cost, rapid and energy‐efficient water disinfection methods are urgently required to address global challenges of safe water access. Here, anti‐bacterial hydrogels (ABHs) with catechol‐enabled molecular‐level hydrogen peroxide generators and quinone‐anchored activated carbon particles are designed for effective water treatment. The bactericidal effect is attributed to the synergy of hydrogen peroxide and quinone groups to attack essential cell components and disturb bacterial metabolism. ABHs can be directly used as tablets to achieve >99.999% water disinfection efficiency within 60 min without energy input. No harmful byproducts are formed during the treatment process, after which the ABH tablets can be easily removed without residues. Taking advantage of their excellent photothermal and biofouling‐resistant properties, ABHs can also be applied as solar evaporators to achieve stable water purification under sunlight (≤1 kW m−2) after months of storage and operation in bacteria‐containing river water. The ABH platform offers reduced energy and chemical demands for point‐of‐use water treatment technologies in remote areas and emergency rescue applications.

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“…The genetic history of dogs extends into the Palaeolithic, when at least five major ancestral lineages had diversified 4 . The exact timing of the emergence of the dog lineage remains unknown 5 . Current genetic studies estimate a time of dog–wolf divergence between 25,000 and 40,000 years ago 4 , 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunting dogs bark differently when they encounter different animal species

Policht

Matějka

Benediktová

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Previous studies have shown that vocalizations of dogs can provide information to human companions. While acoustic signals of dogs have been intensively studied during the last decade, barking during hunting activities remains unstudied. The experiences of hunters indicate that owners can recognize what animal species has been found based on the bark of their dog. Such a phenomenon has never been tested before. We tested such an ability by comparing barks that were produced when dogs encountered four different animal species: wild boar, red fox, rabbit and fowl. Classification results of a discrimination analysis showed, that based on barks of dachshunds and terriers, it is possible to categorize towards which animal species barks were produced. The most distinctive barks were produced during encounters with the most dangerous of these animals, the wild boar. On the contrary, barks evoked by red fox encounters were classified similarly as those towards other smaller and non-dangerous animals like rabbits and fowl. Although the red fox represents a potentially dangerous species, the barking provoked was not classified with a much higher result than barking at animals that pose no threat. This might indicate that the key parameter could be the body size of the animal the dog meets. We further tested whether the degree of threat from the species of animal the dog encounters is reflected in the structure of the acoustic parameters based on the valence-arousal model. We found that barks produced in contact with a wild boar showed significantly lower frequency parameters and longest duration compared to other barks. According to these results, it seems that the variability of barking depending on the species of animal a dog encounters is an expression of the dogʼs inner state rather than functionally reference information.

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Of dogs and men

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Inquiry-Based Activities for Teaching about Natural Selection

Inquiry-Based Activities for Teaching about Natural Selection

Molecular Engineering of Hydrogels for Rapid Water Disinfection and Sustainable Solar Vapor Generation

Hunting dogs bark differently when they encounter different animal species

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