Of Fox and Frogs: Fox (fork head/winged helix) transcription factors in Xenopus development

Pohl, Barbara; Knöchel, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.09.037

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…One possibility is that FoxC1 is partially redundant with the related protein FoxC2, which is also expressed at this time (Pohl et al, 2005). FoxC2 was not targeted in these studies since the morpholino chosen to block FoxC1 translation has 15 mismatches with Xenopus FoxC2 in the complementary region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development

Birsoy

Kofron

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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FoxC1 is an important transcription factor in vertebrate development since its mutation in humans results in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. In the mouse, disturbance of its function causes congenital hydrocephalus and abnormalities in the development of various mesodermal derivatives. In this report, we provide one mechanistic basis for the requirement for FoxC1 in vertebrate development. We find that, in Xenopus laevis embryos, FoxC1 expression is regulated by the maternal T-box transcription factor VegT, via the nodal sub-family of TGF␤ signaling transducers. We show that at the late neurula to early tailbud stage, FoxC1 depletion causes the down-regulation of adhesion molecules, EP and E cadherin, as well as members of the Ephrin/EphR signaling families in the mesoderm germ layer resulting in the loss of adhesion and apoptosis of mesodermal cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:2731-2741, 2007.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development

Birsoy

Kofron

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Currently, over ten subclasses and 20 forkhead genes have been identified in Xenopus. The FoxI1-class genes in Xenopus are reportedly involved in ventral head specification (FoxI1a) (Matsuo-Takasaki et al, 2005), mesoderm formation (FoxI1b) and eye development (FoxI1c) (Pohl and Knochel, 2005). In a previous study, FoxI1e was found to be expressed only in the animal hemisphere of the embryo, starting at the blastula stage, and when overexpressed, it inhibited the formation of mesoderm and endoderm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

FoxI1e activates ectoderm formation and controls cell position in theXenopusblastula

et al. 2007

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The segregation of the vertebrate embryo into three primary germ layers is one of the earliest developmental decisions. In Xenopus, where the process is best understood, the endoderm is specified by a vegetally localized transcription factor, VegT, which releases nodal signals that specify the adjacent marginal zone of the blastula to become mesoderm. However, little is known about how the ectoderm becomes specified. In this paper, we show that the forkhead protein FoxI1e (also known as Xema) is required at the blastula stage for normal formation of both the central nervous system and epidermis, the two early derivatives of the ectoderm. In addition, FoxI1e is required to maintain the regional identity of the animal cells of the blastula, the cells that are precursors of ectodermal structures. In its absence, they lose contact with the animal cap, mix with cells of other germ layers and differentiate according to their new positions. Because FoxI1e is initially expressed in the animal region of the embryo and is rapidly downregulated in the neural plate, its role in neural and epidermal gene expression must precede the division of the ectoderm into neural and epidermal. The work also shows that FoxI1e plays a role in the embryo in the poorly understood process of differential adhesion, which limits cell mixing as primary germ layers become specified.

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“…Several studies have indicated the molecular mechanism of xCXCR4 regulation by activin/nodal signaling. CXCR4 was upregulated by a forkhead transcription factor FoxC in endothelial cells (Hayashi and Kume 2008) and FoxC2 was also regulated by activin in the Xenopus gastrula (Pohl and Knöchel 2005), which suggests that FoxC-class transcription factor is a transcriptional regulator for xCXCR4 under activin/nodal signaling, although expressed in the lateral mesoderm in the gastrula. Furthermore, integrative genomic analyses of CXCR4 predicted that CXCR4 was upregulated under activin/nodal signaling and by Sox17 transcription factor (Katoh and Katoh 2010), also one of the activin responsive genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of xSDF-1α, xCXCR4, and xCXCR7 during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis

Mishra¹,

Nagata²,

Furusawa³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Chemokines play a crucial role in developmental processes and recent studies have revealed that they also control gastrulation movements. In this paper, we report the expression patterns of xSDF-1a, xCXCR4 and xCXCR7 and regulation of the expression of xSDF-1a and xCXCR4 during gastrulation. We performed whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and quantitative realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses to examine the distribution of transcripts. The effect of activin/ nodal signaling on the expression of xSDF-1a and its receptors was examined by animal cap assay and microinjection of cer-s mRNA. We have demonstrated that the xSDF-1a transcript is increased in the blastocoel roof during gastrulation, but not in the involuted mesoderm. xCXCR4 was expressed in the mesendoderm at late blastula and was retained throughout gastrulation. xCXCR7 was found in the dorsal lip around the blastopore in the early gastrula stage and became localized in the presumptive notochord later. We also show that the expression of xCXCR4 and xSDF-1a were reciprocally regulated by activin/nodal signaling. These results suggest that xSDF-1a and its receptors contribute to the cell arrangement of mesoderm cells and their expression patterns are partially regulated by activin/nodal signaling.

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Of Fox and Frogs: Fox (fork head/winged helix) transcription factors in Xenopus development

Cited by 67 publications

References 92 publications

The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development

The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development

FoxI1e activates ectoderm formation and controls cell position in theXenopusblastula

Expression of xSDF-1α, xCXCR4, and xCXCR7 during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis

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Of Fox and Frogs: Fox (fork head/winged helix) transcription factors in Xenopus development

Cited by 67 publications

References 92 publications

The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development

The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development

FoxI1e activates ectoderm formation and controls cell position in theXenopusblastula

Expression of xSDF-1&alpha;, xCXCR4, and xCXCR7 during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis

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Expression of xSDF-1α, xCXCR4, and xCXCR7 during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis