2010
DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x10000052
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Of Indians and Terrorists: How the State and Local Elites Construct the Mapuche in Neoliberal Multicultural Chile

Abstract: This paper examines the production of neoliberal multiculturalism in Chile as well as ideas about race, ethnicity and nation mobilised among local elites in the Chilean South. It argues that the process of creating neoliberal multicultural citizens is not only imposed from above, but also informed by local histories, attitudes and social relationships. Official neoliberal multiculturalism is shaped by transnational and national priorities, and involves constructing some Mapuche as terrorists while simultaneous… Show more

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Cited by 119 publications
(59 citation statements)
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“…In the face of the radicalization of Mapuche resistance, neoliberal governmentality has adopted a series of devices that strengthen the neoliberal regime that defends private property, which excludes ancestral and collective forms for managing the natural commons. In response to the Mapuche uprising, over the last 15 years, neoliberal governmentality has employed a series of military and police devices of persecution and criminalization of Mapuche resistance in their ancestral territory of Wallmapu (MELLA, 2007;RICHARDS, 2010;BENGOA, 2012;LLAITUL, 2014;PINEDA, 2014). Evidence of this repressive politics is the investment by the Chilean government in 2015 of a dozen armored police vehicles to suppress the Mapuche with advanced military weapons technology (EL CIUDADANO, 2015).…”
Section: Conclusion: Water Justice and Neoliberal Governmentality Inmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In the face of the radicalization of Mapuche resistance, neoliberal governmentality has adopted a series of devices that strengthen the neoliberal regime that defends private property, which excludes ancestral and collective forms for managing the natural commons. In response to the Mapuche uprising, over the last 15 years, neoliberal governmentality has employed a series of military and police devices of persecution and criminalization of Mapuche resistance in their ancestral territory of Wallmapu (MELLA, 2007;RICHARDS, 2010;BENGOA, 2012;LLAITUL, 2014;PINEDA, 2014). Evidence of this repressive politics is the investment by the Chilean government in 2015 of a dozen armored police vehicles to suppress the Mapuche with advanced military weapons technology (EL CIUDADANO, 2015).…”
Section: Conclusion: Water Justice and Neoliberal Governmentality Inmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, Mapuche social protest has not been homogeneous, but rather involves a range of strategies and internal alternatives (CARRASCO, 2012). They include direct action movements and takeovers of forestry estates, which has led to the Mapuche struggle being criminalized and its leaders arrested and jailed under the "anti--terrorist" law enacted by Pinochet (MELLA, 2007;RICHARDS, 2010;BENGOA, 2012;LLAITUL, 2014;PINEDA, 2014). However, the Mapuche movement also includes other integrated forms of protest that, although critical of the state and forestry companies, nevertheless participates in formulating development and forestry policies, contributing to adjustments of the model of development, but without modifying its basis (CARRASCO, 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Resulta imprescindible abordar las memorias y otredades construidas en el lado oligárquico, pero desde dentro, realizando trabajo de campo con ellos, para permitir el desarrollo de una crítica constructiva desde el conocimiento de las percepciones, razones y empatías de los terratenientes. Así, se defiende aquí, no sólo se contribuirá a avanzar en el saber antropológico e histórico sobre las élites, sino que se podrá completar el conocimiento sobre la acción colectiva y el mundo semicerrado de la parte reificada, ahondando en las especificidades simbólicas y afectivo-emocionales de la cotidianeidad que sí se recoge, o al menos se atiende, cuando se trata de las partes desposeídas 32 (Grove, 1939;Chonchol, 1948;Alaluf, 1961;Besa, 1968;Agúndez, 1972;Kay et al, 2001;Richards, 2010), deconstruyendo una diversidad homogeneizada en lo que respecta al mundo de los agricultores sureños y sus relaciones históricas no sólo con sus iguales, sino con el resto de la sociedad rural, pueblo mapuche incluido. Grove (1939), Chonchol (1948), Alaluf (1961), Besa (1968), Agúndez (1972), Kay y Salazar (2001) o Richards (2010, entre otros.…”
Section: Para Superar Las Aproximaciones Parcialesunclassified
“…Entre los colonos de la Araucanía es tan habitual exacerbar la diferencia con los mapuche como negar cualquier distinción de naturaleza, hacer incluso lo uno y lo otro a la vez, al mismo tiempo, para el mismo sujeto, en el marco estructural de una paradoja donde la descalificación en términos de primitivos e incivilizados, flojos y borrachos se vuelve inseparable de la negación de la singularidad mapuche: «éramos iguales, y de repente dicen "somos diferentes"; se inventan tradiciones, palabras que nunca antes habían pronunciado, ceremonias que no practicaban, con el fin de reclamar las tierras, pero ellos no son de verdad mapuche, no son como los de antes, hace mucho que perdieron su cultura: son falsos indios» -tal podría ser el discurso (tal y como fue recogido por Richards, 2010). Así, son primitivos sin serlo, o son indios falsos siendo empero demasiado reales.…”
Section: Segundo Interrogante: La Autenticidadunclassified