Of red planets and indigo computers: Mars database visualization as an example of platform downsizing

Kaiser, Mary K.; Montegut, Michael J.

doi:10.3758/bf03200566

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A realistic representation of movement in an image containing these components would require images with distorted reflections of the moving objects (Kersten 1997). Even the most sophisticated of computers is not able to display all of the motion cues present in a real environment, so it is necessary to select the most useful ones when displaying apparent motion (Kaiser and Montegut 1997). The results of this experiment demonstrate that a textured surface in depth can be shifted by more than 50% of the smallest texture elements and it will still tend to produce a sense of approaching motion.…”

Section: Implications Of the Approaching-motion Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias to Experience Approaching Motion in a Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment

Lewis

McBeath

2004

Perception

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We used two-frame apparent motion in a three-dimensional virtual environment to test whether observers had biases to experience approaching or receding motion in depth. Observers viewed a tunnel of tiles receding in depth, that moved ambiguously either toward or away from them. We found that observers exhibited biases to experience approaching motion. The strengths of the biases were decreased when stimuli pointed away, but size of the display screen had no effect. Tests with diamond-shaped tiles that varied in the degree of pointing asymmetry resulted in a linear trend in which the bias was strongest for stimuli pointing toward the viewer, and weakest for stimuli pointing away. We show that the overall bias to experience approaching motion is consistent with a computational strategy of matching corresponding features between adjacent foreshortened stimuli in consecutive visual frames. We conclude that there are both adaptational and geometric reasons to favor the experience of approaching motion.

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Section: Implications Of the Approaching-motion Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias to Experience Approaching Motion in a Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment

Lewis

McBeath

2004

Perception

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“…It is therefore important to avoid wasting valuable resources on modelling detail that has no perceptual utility. 9 Visualization can function as an important and intuitive source of information if it succeeds in conveying information about the soccer players' actions that go beyond pure positional values. These include anticipation of movement, assessment of strength, intention, etc.…”

Section: Issues Of Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Evidence for Unconscious Processing of Detail in Real-time Animation of Multiple Characters

Oesker

Hecht²,

Jung³

2000

J. Visual. Comput. Animat.

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Detailed animation of 3D articulated body models is in principle desirable but is also a highly resource‐intensive task. Resource limitations are particularly critical in 3D visualizations of multiple characters in real‐time game sequences. We investigated to what extent observers perceptually process the level of detail in naturalistic character animations. Only if such processing occurs would it be justified to spend valuable resources on richness of detail. An experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of 3D body animation. Observers had to judge the level of overall skill exhibited by four simulated soccer teams. The simulations were based on recorded RoboCup simulation league games. Thus objective skill levels were known from the teams' placement in the tournament. The animations' level of detail was varied in four increasing steps of modelling complexity. Results showed that observers failed to notice the differences in detail. Nonetheless, clear effects of character animation on perceived skill were found. We conclude that character animation co‐determines perceptual judgements even when observers are completely unaware of these manipulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…I put the four papers on visual perception in the order in which we heard from James Cutting (1997), Daniel Kersten (1997), Mary Kaiser (Kaiser & Montegut, 1997), and Jeffrey Mulligan (1997). These are the most hopeful four papers I have heard in psychology in a long time.…”

Section: Visual Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The question is, how much of memory do you think we can simulate, and is it a worthwhile scientific idea to have something to think of in terms of memory comparable to the way we think of vision? So, if we take the kind of examples given herewhether it is Kaiser's (Kaiser & Montegut, 1997) example of Mars, Kersten's (1997) complicated shadow phenomena, or Cutting's (1997) examples of the ways in which painters produce the sense ofdepth---ean we equal them in memory phenomena?…”

Section: Models and Neuralnetworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception, models, and data: Some comments

Suppes

1997

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Some comments are offered on the papers given at the conference, which are divided into three groups: visualperception, models and neural networks, and data analysis.The analysis stresses the complexity faced by scientific theories in each of these three areas, and consequently why the demand for computing capacity will continue to increase, with no practical bound in sight.I have divided the papers on which I comment into three groups: visual perception, models and neural networks, and data analysis. VISUAL PERCEPTIONI put the four papers on visual perception in the order in which we heard from James Cutting (1997), Daniel Kersten (1997), Mary Kaiser (Kaiser & Montegut, 1997), and Jeffrey Mulligan (1997. These are the most hopeful four papers I have heard in psychology in a long time. They show how many things there are under way and yet to be done.Anybody can see a need for high-performance computing in psychology by considering how much of the cerebral cortex is taken up by the visual system. It is a complicated, big system, from a computational standpoint. There will be no end to what we want to try to do. One concept I want to introduce in reflecting on James Cutting's paper, but on the others as well, is this: We should think of the processing in the visual cortex as being computationally irreducible. It is a nice concept that was, in fact, introduced by the father ofMathematica, Steve Wolfram(1985). He introduced it in the context of cellular automata.If we take, for example, the beautiful classic case of two bodies interacting by gravity, then we have a wonderful computationally reducible theory. We do not have to wait to see where the bodies are going to go (e.g., the sun and the earth). We have a good theory that predicts accurately, and we can compute very quickly. This case is computationally reducible. But, for many cellular autoCorrespondence should be addressed to P. Suppes, Department of Psychology, Ventura Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4115 (e-mail: suppes@ockham.stanford.edu). mata, we are not going to do better than run the system. The kind you actually run is a direct simulation of cellular automata, in order to know what it is going to do, what the configuration looks like after, say, 10,000 trials. The conjecture is that this may be true of the visual system in many essential ways. I will discuss this point more later in this paper.This conjecture implies that we will have an insatiable appetite for computing. There are some differences here about how much we believe in extensive computing. It seems to me that these four papers, each in its own way, demonstrate very well the extraordinary desirability of having high-performance computing in psychology, if you are concerned with the details of visual systems at all, in any kind of elaborate way.Let us compare the computational demands of mathematical proofs. From a computational standpoint, the mathematical cases are all rather trivial. For example, we all know something about the proof ofthe four-color theorem, which involv...

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Of red planets and indigo computers: Mars database visualization as an example of platform downsizing

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Bias to Experience Approaching Motion in a Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment

Bias to Experience Approaching Motion in a Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment

Psychological Evidence for Unconscious Processing of Detail in Real-time Animation of Multiple Characters

Perception, models, and data: Some comments

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