Of what is that glass ceiling made?: A study of attitudes about women and the oval office

Kenski, Kate; Falk, Erika

doi:10.1080/1554477x.2004.9971039

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Although significant, the substantive effect is modest: the model predicts only a 0.05-unit change on the 0 to 1 dependent variable moving from the minimum to the maximum value on the terror measure. Thus, the results are in line with research suggesting that female leaders are disadvantaged when security threats are salient (e.g., Falk and Kenski 2006;Kenski and Falk 2004;Lawless 2004). However, we also see that-when considered through this generic lens-the effect is substantively small.…”

Section: Preferences For Male (Vs Female) Leadership In Times Of Threatsupporting

confidence: 89%

Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

Holman

Merolla

Zechmeister

2016

Political Research Quarterly

164

104

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How does the threat of terrorism affect evaluations of female (vs. male) political leaders, and do these effects vary by the politician's partisanship? Using two national surveys, we document a propensity for the U.S. public to prefer male Republican leadership the most in times of security threat, and female Democratic leadership the least. We theorize a causal process by which terrorist threat influences the effect of stereotypes on candidate evaluations conditional on politician partisanship. We test this framework with an original experiment:a nationally representative sample was presented with a mock election that varied the threat context and the gender and partisanship of the candidates. We find that masculine stereotypes have a negative influence on both male and female Democratic candidates in good times (thus reaffirming the primacy of party stereotypes), but only on the female Democratic candidate when terror threat is primed. Republican candidates-both male and female-are unaffected by masculine stereotypes, regardless of the threat environment.

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Section: Preferences For Male (Vs Female) Leadership In Times Of Threatsupporting

confidence: 89%

Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

Holman

Merolla

Zechmeister

2016

Political Research Quarterly

164

104

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“…Although 25.3 percent of respondents in December 1999/January 2000 said that a woman president would do a better job in handling the issue believed most important by respondents (Kenski and Falk, 2004), this percentage decreased to 15.4 percent by September 2003. During that time, terrorism, homeland security, and U.S. involvement in Iraq became major concerns to the U.S. public.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Citing terrorism, homeland security, and/or U.S. involvement in Iraq as the most important problem facing the nation is significantly associated with being more likely to say that a male president would do a better job handling the national issue most important to the respondent. 1 We calculated this percentage using the same segment of NAES data as the Kenski and Falk (2004) study. See Romer et al (2004) for a copy of the 2000 NAES data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Issue Saliency and Gender Stereotypes: Support for Women as Presidents in Times of War and Terrorism^*

Falk

Kenski

2006

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. This article examines how issue saliency affects the public's perceptions of whether a man or a woman would make a better president when considering the most important problem facing the nation. Method. The study uses telephone survey data of adults in the United States collected by the Annenberg Public Policy Center in September 2003. Multinominial logistic regression models were conducted to parse out the effects of issue saliency on presidential gender preference while taking demographic characteristics and party identification into account. Results. People who said that terrorism, homeland security, and/or U.S. involvement in Iraq was the most important problem facing the nation were more likely to say that a man would do a better job handling the issue as president. Conclusion. This study finds that issue saliency affects presidential gender preference above and beyond demographic and party identification variables.During the 1984 election when Democratic vice presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro appeared on ''Meet the Press,'' she was asked: ''[D]o you think that in any way the Soviets might be tempted to try to take advantage of you simply because you are a woman?'' (Jamieson, 1995:107) and ''Are you strong enough to push the button?'' (Braden, 1996:110). The questions reflected both the security concerns of the 1980s and the stereotype that men are better at protecting the nation than are women. In this study, we examine how such underlying stereotypes in conjunction with current events may affect attitudes about women in the presidency.Top-line poll results demonstrate that there has been an immense change in attitudes about women in the presidency over the last 70 years. In fact, the percentage of people saying they support a woman president has roughly kept pace with the year. When respondents were asked in 1937 if they n Direct correspondence to Erika Falk, 1717 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Ste. 104, Washington, DC 20036. The authors will share coding information with those who wish to replicate the study.

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“…Further evidence to suggest that female candidates may not necessarily be put at a disadvantage was put forth by Kenski and Falk (2004) who observed that comparable percentages of US adults contended that a man would do a better job as president, when the national issue considered most important by respondents was taken into account. In a survey conducted in 2000, as many respondents contended that a man president (25.6%) would do a better job at handling the most important problem facing the nation as that a woman president (25.3%) would do a better job; nearly one half of respondents (49.1%) either said they did not know whether a man or woman would do a better job or said that gender would not make a difference.…”

Section: Research On Pollsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sexism Versus Partisanship: A New Look at the Question of Whether America is Ready for a Woman President

Falk

Kenski

2006

Sex Roles

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We question the validity of traditional polling about the likelihood of respondents to vote for a woman president and argue that the use of such polls may overestimate sexism and underestimate the role that party identification and individual characteristics play in deciding about whether to vote for a woman president. Our analysis of data collected in May-June 2004 show that many people who say they will not vote for a woman for president would do so if given realistic, specific, political scenarios via head-tohead match-ups with potential candidates. Although survey respondents preferred George W. Bush to Hillary Clinton, the margin between these candidates was close especially considering that Bush had been actively campaigning for months, whereas Clinton had not.

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Of what is that glass ceiling made?: A study of attitudes about women and the oval office

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

Issue Saliency and Gender Stereotypes: Support for Women as Presidents in Times of War and Terrorism^*

Sexism Versus Partisanship: A New Look at the Question of Whether America is Ready for a Woman President

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Of what is that glass ceiling made?: A study of attitudes about women and the oval office

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

Terrorist Threat, Male Stereotypes, and Candidate Evaluations

Issue Saliency and Gender Stereotypes: Support for Women as Presidents in Times of War and Terrorism*

Sexism Versus Partisanship: A New Look at the Question of Whether America is Ready for a Woman President

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Issue Saliency and Gender Stereotypes: Support for Women as Presidents in Times of War and Terrorism^*