“…However, they have exhibited at least one of the following problems: very narrow bandwidth, high profile, and high radiation to the body. In order to solve these different problems, several methods and techniques have been developed in the literature such as genetic algorithm [11], metamaterial technology [12,13], graphene-based substrate [14], hammer-type antenna [15], and neural networks [16]. However, the disadvantage of these antennas is the difficulty of alignment between linearly polarized signals due to the characteristics of the external environment that disturb the polarization.…”