Off‐farm labour allocation decisions in small‐scale rural households in Zimbabwe

Matshe, Innocent; Young, Trevor

doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2004.tb00186.x

Cited by 97 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This non-negative quantity decision can only be measured for non-zero values in the first decision, thus estimated by the truncated regression [76]. Therefore, the double-hurdle two-equation framework [89,90] is presented as…”

Section: Estimation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double Hurdle Estimation of Sales Decisions by Smallholder Beef Cattle Farmers in Eswatini

Dlamini

Huang

2019

Sustainability

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Beef cattle farmers are in an ideal position to advance their income through marketing; however, the subsector is characterized by low market participation. Wealth preservation and prestige from cattle accumulation outweigh market incentives, thereby jeopardizing the integration of farmers into organized market systems. Therefore, the study was set to examine the determinants of farmers’ sales decisions in cattle marketing. Understanding determinants of sales decisions is an indispensable base for establishing sustainable development policy frameworks that maximize rural economic growth. Descriptive statistics and a double-hurdle model were applied on cross-sectional data collected from 397 farmers through personal interviews aided by a structured questionnaire. Herd size (74.1%), ecological zone (32.4%), slaughters (22.1%), pregnant cows (18.2%), experience (15.0%) and breed type (11.4%) revealed statistically significant effects on the probability of market participation. The key determinants of the level of market participation (p < 0.01) included extension, married marital status, pasture availability, cows, heifers, market distance, market information and market channel 2 (individual). Education, experience, non-farm income, expenses and laborers were significant at p < 0.05. Widowed marital status and market channel 1 (processor) were found to be significant at p < 0.1. Extension adjustments and institutionalization of market linkages are recommended to assist farmers in increasing marketable surplus.

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Section: Estimation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double Hurdle Estimation of Sales Decisions by Smallholder Beef Cattle Farmers in Eswatini

Dlamini

Huang

2019

Sustainability

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“…The tradeoffs between farm and offfarm work are likely to depend on a household's economic situation, its access to land and labor, seasonality, local agro-climatic factors and exposure to risks, as well as work opportunities and markets in the community. 3 Studies also emphasize the effects of education and wages, the ability to control fertility, access to child care, access to credit, as well as household composition and interactions with men's occupational choices Glinskaya, 2008, Matsche andYoung, 2004;Khandker, 1998).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Water, Women’s Work, and Child Outcomes

Koolwal¹,

Walle²

2013

Economic Development and Cultural Change

127

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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“…There are a number of studies that report a considerable and rising share of off-farm income in total household income (Hageblade et al, 2007; de Janvry and Sadoulet, 2001; Ruben and van den Berg, 2001). In addition, the importance of off-farm income has been extensively documented in literature, for example, off-farm income and employment in rural Honduras (Isgut, 2004), off-farm employment and poverty in rural El Salvador (Lanjouw, 2001), off-farm labor allocation and decisions in small scale rural households in Zimbabwe (Matshe and Young, 2004), poverty and rural off-farm economy in Oromia, Ethiopia (van de Berg and Kumbi, 2006), rural off-farm employment and income diversification in Columbia (Deininger and Olinto, 2001) and so on. As a result, promotion of off-farm rural labor market participation can be the important strategy to improve livelihoods and food security of the poor in developing countries in general and Ethiopia in particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to rural households’ participation in low-skilled off-farm labor markets: theory and empirical results from northern Ethiopia

Bhatta

Årethun

2013

SpringerPlus

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Promotion of low-skilled off-farm rural labor market participation can be an important strategy to improve livelihoods and food security of the poor in developing countries. This paper investigates rural farm households’ participation in low-skilled off-farm labor markets with disaggregate data from a survey of 400 households in Tigray, the northern highlands of Ethiopia. Adopting Heckman’s two stage approach, we examined households’ decisions to participate or not in markets by probit model in the first stage and level of participation by ordinary least squares procedures in the second stage. The results show that households’ decision to enter into a labor market significantly depends on the characteristics of the households such as sex, age of the household heads and labor endowments in the households. Similarly, the level of participation in labor markets measured by the amount of off-farm wage income depends on labor endowments in the households and the place where the households are located. Since cash constrained rural households do not find themselves advantageous to participate in off-farm labor markets, the reduction of cash constraint is the major policy implication of the paper. This holds true in general for all cash constrained rural households in developing countries. Similarly, the empirical results in the paper suggest removal of locational barriers to access labor markets. This helps them to earn off-farm income. It is necessary to eliminate (or at least reduce) obstacles for rural households to enter into a market of off-farm wage earning activities. This holds true in general for all rural households in developing countries. This paper is therefore expected to contribute to frame appropriate policy that promotes participation in low-skilled off-farm rural labor markets in developing countries where many rural households are not only poor but also low-skilled.

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Off‐farm labour allocation decisions in small‐scale rural households in Zimbabwe

Cited by 97 publications

References 16 publications

A Double Hurdle Estimation of Sales Decisions by Smallholder Beef Cattle Farmers in Eswatini

A Double Hurdle Estimation of Sales Decisions by Smallholder Beef Cattle Farmers in Eswatini

Access to Water, Women’s Work, and Child Outcomes

Barriers to rural households’ participation in low-skilled off-farm labor markets: theory and empirical results from northern Ethiopia

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