Off-grid gasoline-powered generators: pollutants’ footprints and health risk assessment in Nigeria

Giwa, Solomon O.; Nwaokocha, Collins N.; Samuel, Olusegun David

doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1671555

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There is a need to conduct more inventory studies on air pollution from the use of small gasoline generators by very small enterprises in Nigeria due to the informal nature of operation. This position is supported by Giwa et al (2019c) andWorld Bank (2019), who reported dearth of information in open domain on emission levels and adverse health effects of emissions on small gasoline generators from informal SMEs in Nigeria.…”

Section: Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes) And Completely Informal Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Reports from individual researchers showed that gasoline and diesel generators emissions may be above permissible limits depending on age and frequency of maintenance ( Giwa et al., 2018 ). Recent study by Giwa et al. (2019c) found out that average emission levels of CO 2 , CO and PM 2.5 from small gasoline generators could be as high as 710 ± 19.1 ppm, 83 ± 4.0 ppm and 83 ± 4.1 μg/m 3 respectively.…”

Section: Drivers Of Anthropogenic Air Pollutants In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to anthropogenic emissions from energy generation utilities such as thermal plants, diesel and gasoline generators have also been reported to have detrimental effects on human health. Health impacts assessment of emissions revealed unhealthy levels of CO and PM 2.5 around gasoline powered generators in a study conducted by Giwa et al., 2019a , Giwa et al., 2019b , Giwa et al., 2019c , Giwa et al., 2019d . Awofeso (2011) found association between incidences of asthma and lung cancer among people who use diesel electric power generators in Nigeria.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Other Adverse Effects Of Air Pollution In Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

Okedere

Elehinafe

Oyelami

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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This study presents a review of sources and atmospheric levels of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria with a view to reviewing the existence or otherwise of national coordination aimed at mitigating the continued increase. According to individual researcher's reports, the atmospheric loading of anthropogenic air pollutants is currently on an alarming increase in Nigeria. Greater concerns are premised on the inadequacy existing emission inventories, continuous assessment, political will and development of policy plans for effective mitigation of these pollutants. The identified key drivers of these emissions include gas flaring, petroleum product refining, thermal plants for electricity generation, transportation, manufacturing sector, land use changes, proliferation of small and medium enterprises, medical wastes incineration, municipal waste disposal, domestic cooking, bush burning and agricultural activities such as land cultivation and animal rearing. Having identified the key sources of anthropogenic air emissions and established the rise in their atmospheric levels through aggregation of literature reports, this study calls for a review of energy policy, adoption of best practices in the management air emissions and solid wastes as well as agriculture and land use pattern which appear to be the rallying points of all identified sources of emission. The study concluded that the adoption of cleaner energy policies and initiatives in energy generation and usage as against pursuit of thermal plants and heavy dependence on fossil fuels will assist to ameliorate the atmospheric loadings of these pollutants.

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Section: Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes) And Completely Informal Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Drivers Of Anthropogenic Air Pollutants In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology and Other Adverse Effects Of Air Pollution In Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

Okedere

Elehinafe

Oyelami

et al. 2021

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For generators, different studies have been conducted (Giwa, 2019a;Giwa, 2019b;Oguntoke & Adeyemi, 2017), in which large variations are found across age, fuel and size (Rmax-Rmin>5*Rstd). Diesel generators emit more than gasoline generators, and a higher power output generally also leads to higher emissions.…”

Section: D Lvmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Best Practices in an Air Quality Student Science Project in Ethiopia

Dingemanse

Wit

2022

AQUADEMIA

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A science project as part of a student's curriculum, which we call student science, might be the answer to two problems for a low-income country like Ethiopia: conventional science can be expensive and many students lack training in practical skills. Earlier studies have been conducted with respect to lay people (citizens or students) conducting (parts of) research (e.g. citizen science), but rarely in the context of a public university in a lowincome country. A student science project at Arba Minch University (Ethiopia) has been evaluated in three steps. Firstly, best practices for student science projects are derived from the literature. Secondly, it is evaluated to what extent these best practices were executed in an air quality student science project executed by 33 groups of undergraduate students at Arba Minch University. Thirdly, the scientific contribution of the project is evaluated by assessing the quality of the data in comparison to studies in similar scenarios, as well as its relation to a knowledge gap and a problem for the community. We find that the best practices from earlier studies are feasible in the study context. Furthermore, we find a scientific contribution, as most of the students' work resulted in quality data that relates to knowledge gaps which are a problem for the Arba Minch community. Student science at a public university in a low-income country is feasible and can, as such, serve both scientific and educational needs. It is recommended that public universities in low-income contexts implement part of their curriculum goals in such projects.

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“…Compact dimensions in comparison to the GRAZ cycle provide opportunities for utilization. A miniaturised version of this power plant can be used for small biogas power plants, because a smaller power plant would be easier to implement for distributed energy sources [161][162][163][164]. Maritime applications, such as ships and offshore rigs, are another example of possible places of application.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact High Efficiency and Zero-Emission Gas-Fired Power Plant with Oxy-Combustion and Carbon Capture

et al. 2022

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Reduction of greenhouse gases emissions is a key challenge for the power generation industry, requiring the implementation of new designs and methods of electricity generation. This article presents a design solution for a novel thermodynamic cycle with two new devices—namely, a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. In the proposed cycle, high temperature occurs in the combustion chamber because of fuel combustion by pure oxygen. As a consequence of the chemical reaction and open water cooling, a mixture of H2O and CO2 is produced. The resulting working medium expands in one turbine that combines the advantages of gas turbines (high turbine inlet temperatures) and steam turbines (full expansion to vacuum). Moreover, the main purpose of the spray-ejector condenser is the simultaneous condensation of water vapour and compression of CO2 from condensing pressure to about 1 bar. The efficiency of the proposed cycle has been estimated at 37.78%. COM-GAS software has been used for computational flow mechanics simulations. The calculation considers the drop in efficiency due to air separation unit, carbon capture, and spray-ejector condenser processes. The advantage of the proposed cycle is its compactness that can be achieved by replacing the largest equipment in the steam unit. The authors make reference to a steam generator, a conventional steam condenser, and the steam-gas turbine. Instead of classical heat exchanger equipment, the authors propose non-standard devices, such as a wet combustion chamber and spray-ejector condenser.

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Off-grid gasoline-powered generators: pollutants’ footprints and health risk assessment in Nigeria

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

An Evaluation of Best Practices in an Air Quality Student Science Project in Ethiopia

Compact High Efficiency and Zero-Emission Gas-Fired Power Plant with Oxy-Combustion and Carbon Capture

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