Off grid PV/Diesel/Wind/Batteries energy system options for the electrification of isolated regions of Chad

Kelly, Elodie; Nouadje, Brigitte Astrid Medjo; Djiela, Raphael Hermann Tonsie; Kapen, Pascalin Tiam; Tchuen, Ghislain; Tchinda, René

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13906

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…HOMER is a research software used globally as a guide for optimal planning and evaluation of of-grid [18][19][20][21][22] and ongrid [23][24][25][26] energy systems. Based on its reliability, planning consistency, and intuitive interface, many studies have used this software [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te other inputs for this software were an annual interest rate of 18% [65,66], efective project lifespan of 25 years [36,67], zero pollutant penalty [68,69], and respective national grid electricity prices of 0.005, 0.007, and 0.012 $/kWh for the low load (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), moderate load (8-16), and high load (16-23) periods, respectively. Te solar energy was sold to the grid at respective rates of 0.032, 0.045, and 0.076 $/kWh [70,71].…”

Section: Required Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-Economic-Environmental Analysis of On-Grid Solar System for Electricity and Hydrogen Production at Homemade Scale: Effect of Different Shades

Raeisi

Sadeghzadeh

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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As an energy source, solar cells can be central to peak load control in different power companies. Hydrogen production can be cost-effective if the generated electricity is unusable. Shades reduce solar cell current and fundamentally alter panel function, making it necessary to restore panels to optimum power generation. Owing to the issues outlined in this paper, the energy-economic-environmental effect of a shade detection algorithm was examined for different shade scenarios, and domestic-scale solar hydrogen production was evaluated. As the effect of the partial shade detection algorithm on the amount of solar hydrogen production has not been investigated quantitatively so far, this issue was discussed in this study. The algorithm and laboratory equipment developed by the authors were used to detect the partial shadow. Thanks to the respected reviewer, the following sentence was added to the abstract. The analyses in HOMER V2.81 software used 20-year average data for a residential building in the city of Tehran obtained from the NASA website. The results recommended that the designed algorithm increases hydrogen production in different scenarios between 5.8% and 32.9%. The results also revealed that the designed algorithm significantly lessen the pollutants between 100 kg/year and 240 kg/year.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Required Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Economic-Environmental Analysis of On-Grid Solar System for Electricity and Hydrogen Production at Homemade Scale: Effect of Different Shades

Raeisi

Sadeghzadeh

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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“…As previously stated, microgrids are decentralized networks of generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure that can operate in conjunction with the conventional grid or independently in "island mode" or "off-grid" scenarios. Traditional energy systems are now integrating renewable sources such as solar photovoltaics, wind electricity, and hydropower, which are experiencing a growing prevalence [48]. The presence of interactions among units is a crucial aspect of distributed control approaches, alongside the distribution of control tasks to units, which must consider the operation across several time scales.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of Hybrid Renewable energy (PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery) Microgrids for rural areas.

M G Almihat,

MTE Kahn

2023

jsesd

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This study examines the variation in sensitivity of a microgrid system comprised of photovoltaics, wind turbines, diesel engines, and batteries. The primary objective is to increase our knowledge of renewable energy resources (RERs) and their technical and economic factors in the context of the conceptual design of a microgrid system. The investigation employs Typhoon HIL software for simulation and testing, concentrating on hybrid PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery systems and devising a perturb & observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. Additionally, the study investigates the Optimal Power Controlling MPPT technique and the development and implementation of hybrid renewable energy resources (HRES). The Typhoon HIL system is utilized in the power, automotive, and aerospace industries, among others, to simulate and test control systems in real-time. This study presents a control strategy for a microgrid system that combines renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power with reserve power options such as diesel generators and batteries. The coordinated control technique is implemented by employing a centralized control method, effectively managing the flow of electricity from diverse distributed energy resources (DER) and ensuring the microgrid's stability. The findings indicated that the coordinated control method and dynamic models could be utilized to design and optimize microgrid systems. Future research can concentrate on refining the accuracy of the models and verifying the proposed coordinated control method in microgrid systems that operate in the real world.

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“…Integrating the diesel generator into the hybrid system reduces the size of the battery system and PV panels while enhancing power supply reliability. Adding the diesel generator to PV battery system ensuring continuous and reliable electricity supply by meeting power demand and charging batteries when they have a low state of charge (SOC) [6]. The cost of hybrid systems encompasses a high initial cost and low operational cost for solar cells and batteries.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgrondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Considering Battery Service-Lifetime for Correctly Sizing Hybrid PV–Diesel Energy Systems

Omar

2023

Energies

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This study emphasizes how crucial it is to consider battery service lifetime when determining the optimal battery size in PV–diesel hybrid systems. It investigates how battery size influences the evaluation of hybrid systems and their lifetime due to battery cycling. Unlike previous research that relies on assumed battery lifetimes, this study delves into the tangible impact of battery cycling, revealing the intricate relationship between battery size, cycling behavior, and service lifetime. Utilizing HOMER Pro version 3.14.2 software, a case study assessed three battery capacities (300 Ah, 800 Ah, and 1000 Ah) in a hybrid PV system catering to a 24 kWh daily demand. Across varying assumed lifetimes (5, 10, and 20 years), the study found that a 300 Ah battery was the most feasible under a 5-year assumed battery lifetime. However, for 10-year and 20-year battery lifetimes, the 800 Ah system emerged as the optimal choice, emphasizing the influence of assumed lifetime on determining the optimal battery size. Throughput battery lifetime analysis estimated service lifetimes of 4.9, 10.96, and 13.64 years for the 300 Ah, 800 Ah, and 1000 Ah batteries, respectively. Notably, smaller-rated batteries exhibited shorter estimated service lifetimes linked to usage patterns. Among the systems assuming a 20-year calendar lifetime, the optimal 800 Ah system, with a service lifetime of 10.96 years, yielded an energy cost of 0.312 USD/kWh, annual costs of USD 2736.5, and a total cost of USD 37,450. Considering service lifetime, the 800 Ah system emerged as optimal, contrasting the initially favored 300 Ah system under a 5-year assumed lifetime. This underscores the crucial significance of comprehending and integrating service lifetime considerations to optimize the economic feasibility of PV hybrid systems.

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Off grid PV/Diesel/Wind/Batteries energy system options for the electrification of isolated regions of Chad

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Energy-Economic-Environmental Analysis of On-Grid Solar System for Electricity and Hydrogen Production at Homemade Scale: Effect of Different Shades

Energy-Economic-Environmental Analysis of On-Grid Solar System for Electricity and Hydrogen Production at Homemade Scale: Effect of Different Shades

Design and implementation of Hybrid Renewable energy (PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery) Microgrids for rural areas.

The Significance of Considering Battery Service-Lifetime for Correctly Sizing Hybrid PV–Diesel Energy Systems

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