Off-grid solar charging of electric vehicles at long-term parking locations

Ghotge, Rishabh; Wijk, Ad van; Lukszo, Zofia

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120356

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The use of this architecture (Fig. 2) can be found in [8], [11], [33]- [37], where mostly simulation-based work is reported, as summarized in Table 1. In these works, the PV array is used as one of the energy sources.…”

Section: ) Ac-based Architecture Of Ogcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DC-AC converter (inverter) converts DC power to AC power. Between PV to AC bus, an inverter is used with various names, such as central off-grid inverter, gridtie inverter, and PV inverter [8], [34], [37]. Moreover, in the case of AC charging of EV, an inverter is used between the DC bus and AC charger of EV in [7], [41].…”

Section: B Ac-dc or Dc-ac Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Off-Grid and Hybrid Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Rituraj

Mouli

Bauer

2022

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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In recent years, the research interest in off-grid (standalone mode) and hybrid (capable of both standalone and grid-connected modes) charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) has increased. The main reason is to provide a seamless charging infrastructure in urban and rural areas where the electrical grid is unreliable or unavailable so that EV adoption can be increased worldwide. In this regard, this article reviews the state-of-the-art architectures of the off-grid and hybrid charging systems and investigates their various subsystems, such as single or multiple energy sources, power electronics converters, energy storage systems, and energy management strategies. These subsystems should be optimally integrated and operated to achieve low-cost and efficient EV charging. Moreover, each subsystem is explored in detail to find the current status and technology trends. Furthermore, EV charging connectors, their power level, and standards for all kinds of EVs (ranging from one-wheeler to four-wheelers) are reviewed, and suggestions are discussed related to the non-standardization of charging plugs. Finally, conclusions show the continuous efforts of the researchers in improving the systems in various aspects, such as cost reduction, performance improvement, longevity, negative environmental effect, system size minimization, and efficient operation, and highlight challenges for both charging systems. Biomass, EV charging, off-grid, grid-connected, solar, and wind. INDEX TERMS

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Section: ) Ac-based Architecture Of Ogcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Ac-dc or Dc-ac Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Off-Grid and Hybrid Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Rituraj

Mouli

Bauer

2022

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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“…Other related concepts previously presented, including discharge of electricity from the EV battery, are vehicle-to-subway (V2S) [30], vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) or, at large scale, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) [31]. While EVs could be charged from the main electric grid [32], the literature also suggests charging from off-grid solutions, including, for example, parking lots with EV charging utilizing photovoltaics (PV) [33]. The new EVs with discharging capabilities and opportunities for charging with only RES open to innovative, flexible, and mobile technical systems that could support society in several ways.…”

Section: Electric Vehicles and Vehicle-to-gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-to-Water (V2W) Concept for Disaster Relief to Ensure Safe Access to Freshwater and Electricity—A Proposed System Where Electric Vehicles Power the Desalination Process

Leijon

Lindahl

2021

WEVJ

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In this paper, the concept of vehicle-to-water is proposed for disaster relief. This, along with a presentation of a new system including an electric vehicle of van type, with roof-mounted solar panels and a desalination system installed in its cargo hold. The system can be used for transportation and water and electricity supply, with zero tailpipe emissions. The mobile electric vehicle and desalination system are expected to be beneficial for communities with an urgent need for freshwater while also lacking electricity, such as during natural disasters or societal crises in coastal regions. It is related to the water–energy nexus and is an interdisciplinary project. The electric vehicle would have to be charged from a grid-connected charging infrastructure, and the desalination system would require an inlet of seawater and would generate freshwater and brine. The presentation of the innovative system is followed by a brief case study, estimating the amount of freshwater that could be generated and the amount of people that could benefit from such a system. It is estimated that one system could produce up to 29,333 L of freshwater daily, suggesting that around 1466 people could fulfill their personal daily freshwater need of 20 L during a disaster.

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“…Sahoo and Mathew (2017) took advantage of the benefits of a zero current switching (ZCS), pulse width modulation (PWM) driven Full-Bridge Converter when PV system powered EVs rapid-charging places. The performance of an off-grid PV structure for charging EVs in a lengthy parking lot was investigated by Ghotge et al Once a year, a simulated performance of charging is evaluated by analyzing the SOC at the leaving of EVs plugged in toward the parking lot (Ghotge et al, 2021). Yang et al (2019) proposed a study to manage EV charging with locally produced wind power of buildings that can reduce the influences of EV charging calls on the grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In off-grid systems, researchers focus on designing PV to charge EVs' load in a fast-charging mode with battery storage (Sahoo and Mathew, 2017;Grande et al, 2018;Youssef et al, 2018;. In addition, another study designed a PV off-grid system to provide ac power (low charging) for EVs that do not have battery storage (Ghotge et al, 2021). Some researchers have studied the analysis and integration of wind turbine on-grid systems that power the electric vehicles (Chen et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of an efficient photovoltaic energy-powered electric vehicle charging station using perturb and observe MPPT algorithm

Awad

Ibrahim²,

Alaas³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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According to the current directive, we must rely on green energy for sustainable mobility. One of the green transition’s goals is to use renewable energy to charge electric vehicles (EVs). Solar energy is a form of renewable energy sources, and it is classified as being clean, available, and renewable because it is based on sunshine. Nowadays, the world is turning to EVs which have lower running costs and cleaner environments. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly utilized to store energy in EVs. This article covers the design and analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system to charge five models of EVs such as BMW i3 2019, Volkswagen e-Golf, Fiat 500e, Mercedes EQA 250, and Hyundai Kona Electric in a DC fast charging mode by using a buck converter to minimize the output voltage and without any addition of energy storage. By applying Perturb & Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), the maximum power and efficiency from PVs are obtained. The charging time is calculated for each EV of the five models in the State of Charge (SOC) area at 20–80 percent. A MATLAB program is employed to simulate the EV models by calculating the efficiency of the MPPT controller, time of charging, and characteristic of voltage and current levels for each model of these EVs. All models are tested under the condition of irradiance level from 600 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 and temperature between 20°C and 30°C. The results showed that the PV system is effective and economical as a stand-alone to charge EVs in a rapid charge mode.

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Off-grid solar charging of electric vehicles at long-term parking locations

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Off-Grid and Hybrid Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

A Comprehensive Review on Off-Grid and Hybrid Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Vehicle-to-Water (V2W) Concept for Disaster Relief to Ensure Safe Access to Freshwater and Electricity—A Proposed System Where Electric Vehicles Power the Desalination Process

Design and analysis of an efficient photovoltaic energy-powered electric vehicle charging station using perturb and observe MPPT algorithm

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