Offenzellige Schwämme mit niedrigen Dichten als Funktionsmaterialien

Biopolymer‐Aerogele gehören zu den ersten Aerogelen, die hergestellt wurden, aber erst im letzten Jahrzehnt kam es zu einer Belebung der Forschung über Biopolymer‐ und Biopolymer‐Verbundstoff‐Aerogele, die durch Fragen der Nachhaltigkeit, einstellbare spezielle Eigenschaften und einfache Funktionalisierung motiviert wird. Biopolymer‐Aerogele und offenzellige Biopolymer‐Schäume haben Potenzial für klassische Aerogel‐Anwendungen wie Wärmedämmung und neue Anwendungen bei der Filtration, Öl‐Wasser‐Trennung, CO2‐Abscheidung, Katalyse und in der Medizin. Das Gebiet der Biopolymer‐Aerogele wird heute von der empirischen Materialentwicklung auf dem Labormaßstab beherrscht und benötigt eine bessere theoretische Grundlage und Test in Pilotanlagen. Unser Aufsatz umfasst eine Datenbank mit über 3800 Biopolymer‐Aerogel‐Eigenschaften, beurteilt den Forschungsstand auf dem Gebiet und diskutiert wissenschaftliche, technologische und wirtschaftliche Hindernisse bei der Kommerzialisierung dieser faszinierenden Materialien.

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Biopolymer‐Aerogele und ‐Schäume: Chemie, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

Zhao

Malfait

Guerrero‐Alburquerque

et al. 2018

Angewandte Chemie

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In situ Synthesis of Biomimetic Silica Nanofibrous Aerogels with Temperature‐Invariant Superelasticity over One Million Compressions

et al. 2020

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Resilient and compressible three‐dimensional nanomaterials comprising polymers, carbon, and metals have been prepared in diverse forms. However, the creation of thermostable elastic ceramic aerogels remains an enormous challenge. We demonstrate an in situ synthesis strategy to develop biomimetic silica nanofibrous (SNF) aerogels with superelasticity by integrating flexible electrospun silica nanofibers and rubber‐like Si−O−Si bonding networks. The stable bonding structure among nanofibers is in situ constructed along with a fibrous freeze‐shaping process. The resultant SNF aerogels exhibit integrated properties of ultralow density (>0.25 mg cm−3), temperature‐invariant superelasticity up to 1100 °C, and robust fatigue resistance over one million compressions. The ceramic nature also endows the aerogels with fire resistance and ultralow thermal conductivity. The successful synthesis of the SNF aerogels opens new pathways for the design of superelastic ceramic aerogels in a structurally adaptive and scalable form.

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Biopolymer Aerogels and Foams: Chemistry, Properties, and Applications

Zhao

Malfait

Guerrero‐Alburquerque

et al. 2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

588

410

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Biopolymer aerogels were among the first aerogels produced, but only in the last decade has research on biopolymer and biopolymer-composite aerogels become popular, motivated by sustainability arguments, their unique and tunable properties, and ease of functionalization. Biopolymer aerogels and open-cell foams have great potential for classical aerogel applications such as thermal insulation, as well as emerging applications in filtration, oil-water separation, CO capture, catalysis, and medicine. The biopolymer aerogel field today is driven forward by empirical materials discovery at the laboratory scale, but requires a firmer theoretical basis and pilot studies to close the gap to market. This Review includes a database with over 3800 biopolymer aerogel properties, evaluates the state of the biopolymer aerogel field, and critically discusses the scientific, technological, and commercial barriers to the commercialization of these exciting materials.

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Offenzellige Schwämme mit niedrigen Dichten als Funktionsmaterialien

Cited by 8 publications

References 238 publications

Biopolymer‐Aerogele und ‐Schäume: Chemie, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

Biopolymer‐Aerogele und ‐Schäume: Chemie, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

In situ Synthesis of Biomimetic Silica Nanofibrous Aerogels with Temperature‐Invariant Superelasticity over One Million Compressions

Biopolymer Aerogels and Foams: Chemistry, Properties, and Applications

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