Office equipment energy use and trends

Abstract

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Market Transformation Strategies to Promote End-Use Efficiency

“…In the past two decades, energy used by personal computers (PCs) has grown dramatically, rising from essentially zero to an estimated 10 billion kWh in the United States as of 1993 (60, 61).7 The average desktop PC with a cathode ray tube (CRT) screen draws about 135 watts while on (61). However, research on patterns of PC use by the Canadian National Research Council found that PCs are actively in use (measured by keyboard or mouse activity) between 30% and 40% of the time, and that about 20% of machines are left on all night (62).…”

Integrated estimation of commercial sector end-use load shapes and energy use intensities in the PG&E service area

“…Saturations for the other end uses are either 100% (for electric indoor lighting, outdoor lighting, and miscellaneous) or are already accounted for in the estimation process (for heating and all non-electric end uses, see above). The importance of the office equipment end use _cd to CIEE sponsorship (with CEC and PG&E funding) of a detailed examination of office equipment energy use trends in the PG&E service territory by LBL (Piette, et. al.…”

Conservation Voltage Reduction Impact Investigation for Personal Computing Devices Using Experimental Measurements and Computation Performance Metrics

“…As a result, various research on practical strategies for managing energy supply and demand have been performed [10][11][12]. Office equipment is now thought to be the end-use of electrical energy in the commercial sector which is rising at the highest [13].…”