Office equipment energy use and trends

Piette, M.A.; Eto, J.; Harris, J.

doi:10.2172/7001015

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Electricity used by information technology (IT) equipment has been a subject of intense interest since the first ENERGY STAR specification for personal computers was released in the early 1990s (Johnson and Zoi 1992). The first detailed measurements of personal computer electricity use were published in the late 1980s (Harris et al 1988) followed by estimates of total electricity used by office equipment (Koomey et al 1996, Norford et al 1990, Piette et al 1991 and assessments of potential efficiency improvements in that equipment (Koomey et al 1996, Ledbetter and Smith 1993, Lovins and Heede 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide electricity used in data centers

Koomey

2008

Environ. Res. Lett.

492

222

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The direct electricity used by data centers has become an important issue in recent years as demands for new Internet services (such as search, music downloads, video-on-demand, social networking, and telephony) have become more widespread. This study estimates historical electricity used by data centers worldwide and regionally on the basis of more detailed data than were available for previous assessments, including electricity used by servers, data center communications, and storage equipment.Aggregate electricity use for data centers doubled worldwide from 2000 to 2005. Three quarters of this growth was the result of growth in the number of the least expensive (volume) servers. Data center communications and storage equipment each contributed about 10% of the growth. Total electricity use grew at an average annual rate of 16.7% per year, with the Asia Pacific region (without Japan) being the only major world region with growth significantly exceeding that average. Direct electricity used by information technology equipment in data centers represented about 0.5% of total world electricity consumption in 2005. When electricity for cooling and power distribution is included, that figure is about 1%. Worldwide data center power demand in 2005 was equivalent (in capacity terms) to about seventeen 1000 MW power plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide electricity used in data centers

Koomey

2008

Environ. Res. Lett.

492

222

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“…This evaluation was further developed and presented a few years later in a 1991 report of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) by Piette et al [36].…”

Section: Ict Energy Demand As An Emerging Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1991, Piette et al expected electricity use intensity (EUI) of ICT in office buildings (defined in [36] as electricity consumption by ICT per unit of floor area) 3 to grow mainly due to the diffusion of PCs and other office equipment (copiers, printers). On the other hand, the EUI of central computers (mainframe and mini computers) was forecasted to stay more or less stable until 2010 and its share in EUI of total ICT would decline from almost 100% to around 1/3 in less than 20 years.…”

Section: Ict Energy Demand As An Emerging Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piette et al expected ICT electricity demand to grow in all commercial buildings (not only office buildings, but also hospitals, schools, and shopping centers), but at a slower pace than in office buildings. For the total commercial sector in the "Pacific Gas and Electric" Service Territory (US), they estimated the growth of ICT electricity demand from 1989 to 2011 at between 125% and 235% (or 3.7% -5.6% per year) [36].…”

Section: Ict Energy Demand As An Emerging Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Energy Demand of ICT: A Historical Perspective and Current Methodological Challenges

Aebischer¹,

Hilty

2014

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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This chapter provides an overview of energy demand issues in the field of ICT with a focus on the history of measuring, modelling and regulating ICT electricity consumption and the resulting methodological challenges. While the energy efficiency of ICT hardware has been dramatically improving and will continue to improve for some decades, the overall energy used for ICT is still increasing. The growing demand for ICT devices and services outpaces the efficiency gains of individual devices. Worldwide per capita ICT electricity consumption exceeded 100 kWh/year in 2007 (a value which roughly doubles if entertainment equipment is included) and is further increasing. Methodological challenges include issues of data collection and modelling ICT devices and services, assessing the entire life cycle of ICT devices and infrastructures, ac-counting for embedded ICT, and assessing the effect of software on ICT energy consumption. Abstract. This chapter provides an overview of energy demand issues in the field of ICT with a focus on the history of measuring, modelling and regulating ICT electricity consumption and the resulting methodological challenges. While the energy efficiency of ICT hardware has been dramatically improving and will continue to improve for some decades, the overall energy used for ICT is still increasing. The growing demand for ICT devices and services outpaces the efficiency gains of individual devices. Worldwide per capita ICT electricity consumption exceeded 100 kWh/year in 2007 (a value which roughly doubles if entertainment equipment is included) and is further increasing. Methodological challenges include issues of data collection and modelling ICT devices and services, assessing the entire life cycle of ICT devices and infrastructures, accounting for embedded ICT, and assessing the effect of software on ICT energy consumption.

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The energy consumption of desktop computers: measurement and savings potential

Newsham

Tiller

1994

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Office equipment energy use and trends

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Worldwide electricity used in data centers

Worldwide electricity used in data centers

The Energy Demand of ICT: A Historical Perspective and Current Methodological Challenges

The energy consumption of desktop computers: measurement and savings potential

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