Official position of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology on test security

Boone, Kyle Brauer; Sweet, Jerry J.; Byrd, Desiree; Denney, Robert L.; Hanks, Robin A.; Kaufmann, Paul; Kirkwood, Michael W.; Larrabee, Glenn J.; Marcopulos, Bernice A.; Morgan, Joel E.; Paltzer, June Yu; Mindt, Monica Rivera; Schroeder, Ryan W.; Sim, Anita H.; Suhr, Julie A.

doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.2022214

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We cannot rule out the possibility that variability in participant technology influenced our results (e.g., perhaps worse performance associated with smaller screen size associated with tablets or smartphones), and we encourage future investigations to control for these factors more systematically. Furthermore, as some methods (e.g., shredding Benson Complex Figure renderings) were simply not feasible given the context of the current study, future efforts should ensure more rigorous test security methods according to published guidelines (Boone et al, 2022). Finally, the number of sessions performed for each modality (i.e., video vs. telephone) was relatively modest, so we encourage replication of all findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Uniform Data Set version 3 teleneuropsychological measures

Gierzynski,

Gregoire,

Reader

et al. 2023

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Few studies have evaluated in-home teleneuropsychological (teleNP) assessment and none, to our knowledge, has evaluated the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s (NACC) Uniform Data Set version 3 tele-adapted test battery (UDS v3.0 t-cog). The current study evaluates the reliability of the in-home UDS v3.0 t-cog with a prior in-person UDS v3.0 evaluation. Method: One hundred and eighty-one cognitively unimpaired or cognitively impaired participants from a longitudinal study of memory and aging completed an in-person UDS v3.0 and a subsequent UDS v3.0 t-cog evaluation (∼16 months apart) administered either via video conference (n = 122) or telephone (n = 59). Results: We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between each time point for the entire sample. ICCs ranged widely (0.01–0.79) but were generally indicative of “moderate” (i.e., ICCs ranging from 0.5–0.75) to “good” (i.e., ICCs ranging from 0.75–0.90) agreement. Comparable ICCs were evident when looking only at those with stable diagnoses. However, relatively stronger ICCs (Range: 0.35–0.87) were found between similarly timed in-person UDS v3.0 evaluations. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that most tests on the UDS v3.0 t-cog battery may serve as a viable alternative to its in-person counterpart, though reliability may be attenuated relative to the traditional in-person format. More tightly controlled studies are needed to better establish the reliability of these measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Uniform Data Set version 3 teleneuropsychological measures

Gierzynski,

Gregoire,

Reader

et al. 2023

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Utterance boundary definitions and examples. Examples do not include phrasing from Logical Memory given concerns about test security 63 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63 the participant's recall; because responses following the prompt were included in the LM delayed recall score, speech following the prompt was also included when quantifying speech markers. Only participant speech was included when quantifying speech markers; in other words, test administrator speech was not included.…”

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confidence: 99%

Speech patterns during memory recall relates to early tau burden across adulthood

Young,

Smith,

Karjadi

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONEarly cognitive decline may manifest in subtle differences in speech.METHODSWe examined 238 cognitively unimpaired adults from the Framingham Heart Study (32–75 years) who completed amyloid and tau PET imaging. Speech patterns during delayed recall of a story memory task were quantified via five speech markers, and their associations with global amyloid status and regional tau signal were examined.RESULTSTotal utterance time, number of between‐utterance pauses, speech rate, and percentage of unique words significantly correlated with delayed recall score although the shared variance was low (2%–15%). Delayed recall score was not significantly different between β‐amyoid‐positive (Aβ+) and ‐negative (Aβ−) groups and was not associated with regional tau signal. However, longer and more between‐utterance pauses, and slower speech rate were associated with increased tau signal across medial temporal and early neocortical regions.DISCUSSIONSubtle speech changes during memory recall may reflect cognitive impairment associated with early Alzheimer's disease pathology.Highlights Speech during delayed memory recall relates to tau PET signal across adulthood. Delayed memory recall score was not associated with tau PET signal. Speech shows greater sensitivity to detecting subtle cognitive changes associated with early tau accumulation. Our cohort spans adulthood, while most PET imaging studies focus on older adults.

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“…The next phase in PVT research development will likely require focus on development of techniques that are robust to test security attacks. As described in a recent American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology/AACN position statement on test security (Boone et al, 2022), there have been documented attempts to educate/coach test takers about validity measures within neuropsychological exams, along with concurrent aggressive attempts by attorneys to gain inappropriate access to tests and sensitive test information (including test data sheets, score reports, and audio and video recordings of test administration) that, if available to the general public, compromise the future use of tests.…”

Section: Test Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and symptom validity testing.

Brauer Boone

2024

Clinical Neuropsychology: A Pocket Handbook for Assessment (4th Ed.).

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The purposes of a neuropsychological exam are to objectively mea sure neurocognitive function across multiple domains (overall intelligence, attention, processing speed, memory, language, visual perceptual/spatial skills, executive abilities, academic skills, and fine motor function) and to document psychiatric symptoms and con ditions. Important decisions stem from conclusions derived from neuropsychological testing, and therefore it is critical that the test data obtained are accurate and representative of true skill level and actual psychiatric function.Malingering refers to deliberate feigning of symptoms for an external goal. External goals can include damages in a personal injury lawsuit, disability compensation, test accommodations for standard ized academic testing, access to medications, and being excused from criminal responsibility for illegal acts. Performance validity tests ini tially were referred to as malingering tests, and in 1999 a diagnostic algorithm was published for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (Slick et al., 1999), which was recently updated (Sherman et al., 2020).

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Official position of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology on test security

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of the Uniform Data Set version 3 teleneuropsychological measures

Evaluation of the Uniform Data Set version 3 teleneuropsychological measures

Speech patterns during memory recall relates to early tau burden across adulthood

Performance and symptom validity testing.

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