Offscraping and underthrusting of sediment at the deformation front of the Barbados Ridge: Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78A

Moore, J. Casey; Biju-Duval, B.; Bergen, James A; Blackington, Grant; Claypool, George E.; Cowan, Darrel S.; Duennebier, F. K.; Guerra, Rodolfo T.; Hemleben, Christoph; Hussong, Donald M.; Marlow, Michael S.; Natland, James H.; Pudsey, Carol J.; Renz, G. W.; Tardy, Marc; Willis, Mark E.; Wilson, Douglas S.; Wright, Audrey A.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<1065:oauosa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 117 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…3). These sediments are lithologically and paleontologically similar to hemipelagic sediments of the same age recovered at Site 543, and are presumably off scraped ocean sediments (Moore, Biju-Duval, et al, 1982). The calcareous muds and marly calcareous oozes recovered at the top of Sites 541 and 542 indicate that the seafloor at those sites is above the modern CCD.…”

Section: Stratigraphic-sedimentologic Framework From Dsdp Drill Sitesmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…3; Bader et al, 1970b). Site 543, located a comparable distance from the South American continent, does not contain any terrigenous turbidites because of its isolation on the Tiburon Rise (Moore, Biju-Duval, et al, 1982).…”

Section: °53°52°fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide forearc region south of 15°N is underlain by a large accretionary prism constructed of sediment derived from nearby South American sources (Westbrook, 1982). The seaward boundary of the forearc region is marked by a folded and thrust-faulted deformation front Westbrook, 1975;Biju-Duval et al, 1978;Moore, Biju-Duval et al, 1982). A topographic trench marks the deformation front north of 16°N.…”

Section: Physiographic and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment Distribution and Depositional Processes Operating in the Lesser Antilles Intraoceanic Island Arc, Eastern Caribbean

Wright¹

1984

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Data from piston cores, DSDP drill sites, and seismic profiles in the Lesser Antilles intraoceanic island arc define eight lithofacies units: (I) a pelagic clay facies on the abyssal plain below the CCD (carbonate compensation depth); (II) a marly calcareous ooze facies on the forearc slope; (III) a calcareous ooze facies on isolated oceanic rises; (IV) a volcanic calcareous ooze facies on the broad, shallow arc platform; (V) a calcareous shell hash facies restricted to arc platform reefs; (VI) a calcareous volcanic silt facies with abundant pyroclastic turbidites in the backarc basin; (VII) a silty calcareous mud facies in backarc and forearc regions adjacent to continental sediment sources; and (VIII) a calcareous mud facies with terrigenous turbidites and contourites on the abyssal plain adjacent to continental sediment sources. The primary sources of sediment in the Lesser Antilles region include calcareous pelagic material, volcanogenic sediment from the island arc, and terrigenous sediment from South America. Factors governing the distribution of this sediment include: the level of the CCD, prevailing wind and ocean current patterns, bathymetry, distance from volcanogenic and terrigenous sediment sources, and fluctuations in sea level. A depositional model developed for the Lesser Antilles region serves as a type model for intraoceanic island arcs with large lateral terrigenous sediment influxes.

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Section: Stratigraphic-sedimentologic Framework From Dsdp Drill Sitesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: °53°52°fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiographic and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment Distribution and Depositional Processes Operating in the Lesser Antilles Intraoceanic Island Arc, Eastern Caribbean

Wright¹

1984

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…2) is characterized by thrust faults and numerous duplications of the lithostratigraphy (Moore et al, 1982(Moore et al, , 1988. Correlations between acoustic facies and cores indicate that the contact between the lower Miocene interval of radiolarian claystone and the upper Oligocene interval of finegrained turbidites is a fundamental one.…”

Section: Stratigraphy and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) is one of the best studied examples of intraoceanic subduction and frontal accretion (Westbrook, 1982;BijuDuval et al, 1982;Moore et al, 1982Moore et al, , 1988Moore, Mascle, et al, 1990;Stride et al, 1982;Westbrook et al, 1988;Lallemant et al, 1990). The basal décollement of the Barbados accretionary prism has been imaged in unprecedented detail by a three-dimensional array of multichannel seismic-reflection profiles (Shipley et al, 1994;, and the décollement zone was cored previously during Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 78A (Biju-Duval, and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 110 (Mascle, Moore, et al, 1988).…”

Section: Thematic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay mineralogy and clay geochemistry in the vicinity of the décollement zone, northern Barbados Ridge

Underwood¹,

Deng²

1997

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 156 Scientific Results

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Fine-grained sediments recovered during Leg 156 of the Ocean Drilling Program contain assemblages of clay minerals that change considerably with depth. Key structural and stratigraphic features within the toe of the northern Barbados accretionary prism include the basal décollement and a sharp boundary between lithologic Units II and III; this lithologic boundary occurs within the décollement zone. We analyzed three size fractions (4−8 µm, 1−4 µm, and <1 µm) by X-ray diffraction and obtained chemical data from the <1-µm size fractions by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Relative proportions of expandable clay minerals increase significantly, but erratically, near the top of the décollement zone. Proportions of discrete smectite and smectite-rich illite/smectite (I/S) mixed-layer clays decrease steadily down the décolle-ment zone. The base of the décollement zone is characterized by unusually high concentrations of illite. These changes in clay mineralogy influence the shear strength of claystones at the deformation front and help control the position of the décollement.Relative abundances of illite within all lithofacies units increase in coarser size fractions, and this trend is consistent with a detrital source. Kaolinite does not display any systematic partitioning within Unit II, but its proportions increase in the finer size fractions within Unit III. The smectite content of Unit II increases with decreasing grain size; Unit III shows the opposite trend between particle size and % smectite. Bentonite-like samples probably originated through in situ alteration of disseminated volcanic ash, but we believe that the pyroclastic material was mixed into a background sediment that already contained abundant detrital smectite. Illitic mixed-layer clays within the underthrust domain (Unit III) also appear to be detrital in origin. Correlations among both % smectite and % kaolinite and most major-element oxides are statistically significant, but correlations for illite are not. Expandable clays vary considerably in their chemical make-up; the most common type appears to be a Mg-poor, K-rich, Fe-Al-beidellite. We rely upon actualistic provenance connections for late Quaternary clays to guide our interpretations of Miocene and Oligocene sediment dispersal. If these analogues are valid, then the proto-Orinoco and protoAmazon Rivers were the most important detrital sources for the older hemipelagic and turbidite deposits of Barbados Ridge.

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Bering Sea-Aleutian Arc, Alaska

Stone

1988

The Ocean Basins and Margins

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Offscraping and underthrusting of sediment at the deformation front of the Barbados Ridge: Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78A

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Sediment Distribution and Depositional Processes Operating in the Lesser Antilles Intraoceanic Island Arc, Eastern Caribbean

Sediment Distribution and Depositional Processes Operating in the Lesser Antilles Intraoceanic Island Arc, Eastern Caribbean

Clay mineralogy and clay geochemistry in the vicinity of the décollement zone, northern Barbados Ridge

Bering Sea-Aleutian Arc, Alaska

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