Offshore Carbonate Facies Characterization and Reservoir Quality of Miocene Rocks in the Southern Margin of South China Sea

Janjuhah, Hammad Tariq; Alansari, Abubaker

doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13880

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The chemistry of the Indus River sediments attempts to constrain the provenance of the erosion and weathering that may have resulted in the characteristics of these sediments [8,128]. The grain size also determines the chemistry of the sediments [129,130]. The lithology of the study area and the weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks from the different provenances heavily influence the geochemical importance of the Indus River water analysis.…”

Section: Physical Versus Chemical Changes In Indus River Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Khan

Janjuhah

Kontakiotis

et al. 2021

JMSE

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The Indus River is Asia’s longest river, having its origin in the Tibet Mountain northwest of Pakistan. Routed from northern Gilgit and flowing to the plains, the river passes through several provinces and is connected by numerous small and large tributaries. The river was formed tectonically due to the collusion of the Indian and Eurasian plates, which is referred to as the Indus suture Plains zone (ISPZ). The geological setting of the study area is mainly composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The river passed through a variety of climatic zones and areas, although the predominant climate is subtropic arid and sub arid to subequatorial. Locally and globally, anthropogenic activities such as building, dams, and water canals for irrigation purposes, mining exploration, and industries and factories all affected the physical and chemical behaviors of the sediments in various rivers. The main effect of human activities is the reworking of weathered soil smectite, a chemical weathering indicator that rises in the offshore record about 5000 years ago. This material indicates increased transport of stronger chemically weathered material, which may result from agriculture-induced erosion of older soil. However, we also see evidence for the incision of large rivers into the floodplain, which is also driving the reworking of this type of material, so the signal may be a combination of the two. Sediments undergo significant changes in form and size due to clashing with one another in the high-charge river.

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Section: Physical Versus Chemical Changes In Indus River Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Khan

Janjuhah

Kontakiotis

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…Due to the harsh growth and development conditions of the carbonate platform, the platform sensitively reflects the stages and cycles of sea-level changes (Yan et al, 2020;Janjuhah and Alansari, 2020). The development time of reefs on the northern shelf of the SCS is early in the south and late in the north, which is the result of transgression advancement from south to north.…”

Section: Regional Sea-level Changes and Sedimentary System Response Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic Sea‐land Transition and its Petroleum Geological Significance in the Northern South China Sea

Zhao¹,

Zhang

Cui

et al. 2021

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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The process of Cenozoic sea-land changes in the northern South China Sea (SCS) controlled the sedimentary filling pattern and played an important role in the petroleum geological characteristics of the northern marginal sedimentary basins. Under the control of the opening process of the SCS, the northern SCS Cenozoic transgression generally showed the characteristics of early in the east and late in the west, and early in the south and late in the north. The initial transgression occurred in the Eocene in the Taixinan Basin (TXNB) of the eastern SCS, while the transgression occurred until the Pliocene in the Yinggehai Basin (YGHB) of the western SCS. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expeditions (Expeditions 367/368) revealed that the initial transgression of the SCS basin occurred at approximately 34 Ma, which was the initial opening time of the SCS. The period of drastic changes in the sedimentary environment caused by large-scale transgression corresponded to the opening time of the southwestern subbasin (approximately 23 Ma), which also represented the peak of the spreading of the SCS. The sea-land transition process controls the distribution of alternating continent-marine facies, marine facies source rocks and reservoirs in the basins. The marine facies source rocks of the basins in the northern SCS have a trend of gradually becoming younger from east to west, which is consistent with the regional process of gradual transgression from east to west. Regional sea-level changes were comprehensively influenced by SCS opening and global sea-level changes. These processes led to the early development in the east and south and late development in the west and north for the carbonate platform in the SCS. Carbonate platforms form another type of "selfgenerating and self-accumulating" oil-gas reservoir in the northern SCS. The sea-land transition controlled the depositional filling patterns of different basins and laid the foundation of marine deposits for oil and gas resources. The source-reservoircap assemblage in the northern SCS was controlled horizontally by provenance supply and sedimentary environmental changes caused by sea-land transition and vertically by the tectonic evolution of the SCS and regional sea-level changes.

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“…In the southern basin group, the only carbonate reservoir is located in the Nankang platform of the Zengmu Basin (Janjuhah and Alansari, 2020). This carbonate reservoir, which is composed of biological limestone and granular limestone and has porosities of 10-40% and permeabilities of 100-1000 mD, formed during the Middle-Late Miocene strike-slip transformation stage.…”

Section: Differences In the Carbonate Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the Central‐Southern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions

Tang¹,

Zhao²,

Song³

et al. 2021

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the centralsouthern South China Sea, we used gravity-magnetic, seismic, drilling, and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins. During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto-South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea, the continental margin basins in the central-southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins: southern extensional-foreland basins, western extensional-strike slip basins, and central extensional-drift basins. Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories, they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources. During the Cenozoic, the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages: faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene, inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene, and subsidence since the late Miocene. Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine-continental transitional facies dominated by II-III kerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep-water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage. With well-developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential. During the Cenozoic, the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously. Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies, marine-continental transitional facies, and terrigenous marine facies dominated by II 2-III kerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage. As a reservoir comprised of self-generated and self-stored sandstone, this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential. Throughout those same three developmental stages, the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated by III kerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage. This reservoir, which is dominated by lower-generation and upper-storage carbonate rocks, also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.

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Offshore Carbonate Facies Characterization and Reservoir Quality of Miocene Rocks in the Southern Margin of South China Sea

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review

Cenozoic Sea‐land Transition and its Petroleum Geological Significance in the Northern South China Sea

Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the Central‐Southern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions

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