Offspring Provisioning Explains Clone-Specific Maternal Age Effects on Life History and Life Span in the Water Flea,<i>Daphnia pulex</i>

Plaistow, Stewart J.; Shirley, C.G.; Collin, Hélène; Cornell, Stephen J.; Harney, Ewan

doi:10.1086/682277

Cited by 53 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…To create different maternal age x diet treatments (i.e., HP‐Young, HP‐Old, LP‐Young, LP‐Old), we took a single neonate from the second clutch or the sixth clutch of four randomly chosen mothers from each diet treatment (Figure ). Previous studies have documented age effects from neonates selected as close as three clutches apart (Coakley et al, ; Plaistow et al, ). Thus, the selection of neonates from clutches two and six in our study is sufficient to induce age effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations

et al. 2018

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Maternal age has important consequences for offspring fitness, with influences on size, development and reproductive schedules. Such maternal age effects may be driven by differential provisioning of resources; yet, little is known about the role of environmental supply of nutritional resources in mediating such effects. We tested the influence of limiting nutritional resource, dietary phosphorus (P), on maternal age effects across multiple generations by examining the potential interactive effects of maternal nutrition and age on daughter and granddaughter life‐history traits in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulicaria. Maternal age and diet had significant but contrasting effects on offspring life history. We did not observe any evidence that age effects on offspring life history are mediated by maternal diet. However, granddaughter growth and size at maturation were influenced by the interaction between grandmaternal age and diet, suggesting that the appearance of transgenerational effects of age and diet were delayed by one generation. Because offspring life history is often linked directly and/or indirectly to life history variation in previous generations, we utilized structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess such direct or indirect relationships. SEM revealed striking differences in the relationship between growth, development time and fecundity both within and among generations, depending on the age and diet in the F0 generation. Interestingly, direct and persistent relationships between the F0 generation and the F2 generation are most prevalent when grandmothers are old and fed low P diets, and such relationships are largely driven by fecundity in the F0 generation. Additionally, indirect causal relationships between the F0 generation and F2 generation are most pronounced when grandmothers are young and fed low P diets or when grandmothers are old and fed high P diets. Our results indicate that transgenerational effects of maternal age and environment persist across multiple generations, and vary between successive generations. Further, our examination of the interaction network between life‐history traits of each generation suggest that the mechanisms for such persistent transgenerational effects are highly dependent on maternal condition. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13258/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations

et al. 2018

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“…Indeed, a recent study demonstrated that non‐genetic maternal effects on growth and maturation consequently modulated the patterns of senescence and mortality in Daphnia pulex (Plaistow et al . ). So can environmental conditions shape senescence schedules?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A benign juvenile environment reduces the strength of antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence

Kim

Metcalfe

Velando

2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary The environment can play an important role in the evolution of senescence because the optimal allocation between somatic maintenance and reproduction depends on external factors influencing life expectancy.The aims of this study were to experimentally test whether environmental conditions during early life can shape senescence schedules, and if so, to examine whether variation among individuals or genotypes with respect to the degree of ageing differs across environments.We tested life‐history plasticity and quantified genetic effects on the pattern of senescence across different environments within a reaction norm framework by using an experiment on the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linnaeus) in which F1 families originating from a wild annual population experienced different temperature regimes.Male sticklebacks that had experienced a more benign environment earlier in life subsequently reduced their investment in carotenoid‐based sexual signals early in the breeding season, and consequently senesced at a slower rate later in the season, compared to those that had developed under harsher conditions. This plasticity of ageing was genetically determined. Both antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence were evident only in the individuals raised in the harsher environment.The experimental demonstration of genotype‐by‐environment interactions influencing the rate of reproductive senescence provides interesting insights into the role of the environment in the evolution of life histories. The results suggest that benign conditions weaken the scope for senescence to evolve and that the dependence on the environment may maintain genetic variation under selection.

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“…The crustacean Daphnia magna exhibits clear maternal effects on size at birth and later performance traits (Ebert, ; Garbutt & Little, ; Lampert, ; Stjernman & Little, ; Tollrian, ): offspring of older mothers or those from calorie‐restricted mothers are larger and show enhanced resistance to pathogens than offspring of young or well‐fed mothers (Clark, Garbutt, McNally, & Little, ; Garbutt & Little, ). Almost half of offspring phenotypic variation (48%) in Daphnia pulex is due to maternal age (Plaistow, Shirley, Collin, Cornell, & Harney, ). Similar effects are observed in a variety of organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daphnia magna microRNAs respond to nutritional stress and ageing but are not transgenerational

et al. 2018

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Maternal effects, where the performance of offspring is determined by the condition of their mother, are widespread and may in some cases be adaptive. The crustacean Daphnia magna shows strong maternal effects: offspring size at birth and other proxies for fitness are altered when their mothers are older or when mothers have experienced dietary restriction. The mechanisms for this transgenerational transmission of maternal experience are unknown, but could include changes in epigenetic patterning. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression that have been shown to play roles in intergenerational information transfer, and here, we test whether miRNAs are involved in D. magna maternal effects. We found that miRNAs were differentially expressed in mothers of different ages or nutritional state. We then examined miRNA expression in their eggs, their adult daughters and great granddaughters, which did not experience any treatments. The maternal (treatment) generation exhibited differential expression of miRNAs, as did their eggs, but this was reduced in adult daughters and lost by great granddaughters. Thus, miRNAs are a component of maternal provisioning, but do not appear to be the cause of transgenerational responses under these experimental conditions. MicroRNAs may act in tandem with egg provisioning (e.g., with carbohydrates or fats), and possibly other small RNAs or epigenetic modifications.

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Offspring Provisioning Explains Clone-Specific Maternal Age Effects on Life History and Life Span in the Water Flea,Daphnia pulex

Cited by 53 publications

References 92 publications

Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations

Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations

A benign juvenile environment reduces the strength of antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic variation in the rate of senescence

Daphnia magna microRNAs respond to nutritional stress and ageing but are not transgenerational

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