Oxidative DNA damage‐related diseases, such as incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age‐related disorders, present significant challenges in modern medicine due to their complex molecular mechanisms and limitations in identifying effective treatment targets. Recently, 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) has emerged as a promising multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of these challenging diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the multiple functions and mechanisms of OGG1, including pro‐inflammatory, tumorigenic, and aging regulatory mechanisms. We also highlight the potential of OGG1 inhibitors and activators as potent therapeutic agents for the aforementioned life‐limiting diseases. We conclude that OGG1 serves as a multifunctional hub; the inhibition of OGG1 may provide a novel approach for preventing and treating inflammation and cancer, and the activation of OGG1 could be a strategy for preventing age‐related disorders. Furthermore, we provide an extensive overview of successful applications of OGG1 regulation in treating inflammatory, cancerous, and aging‐related diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of OGG1 as an emerging multifunctional therapeutic marker for the aforementioned challenging diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a robust reference for scientific researchers and clinical drug developers in the development of novel clinical targeted drugs for life‐limiting diseases, especially for incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age‐related disorders.
