Oil and dispersed oil on subtropical and tropical seagrasses in laboratory studies

Thorhaug, Anitra; Marcus, J. H.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(86)90248-1

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Interspecific differences in sensitivities to the same petrochemicals have been observed. For example, T. testudinum was less sensitive than S. filiforme and H. wrightii to the same dispersed oil and dispersants and differences in sensitivity among seagrass species exceeded the toxicity differences between oils to the same species as reported by Thorhaug and colleagues [90,91,109,110]. Some seagrasses have been less sensitive to oil, dispersed oils, and drilling fluids than intertidal communities [106] corals, sponges, echinoderms, mangroves [93], macroinvertebrates (lab only) [99], and clams [92].…”

Section: Oil Dispersants Dispersed Oil Drilling Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Lewis

Devereux

2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

122

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Abstract-Impacts of human-related chemicals, either alone or in combination with other stressors, are important to understand to prevent and reverse continuing worldwide seagrass declines. This review summarizes reported concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals in grass bed-associated surface waters, sediments, and plant tissues and phytotoxic concentrations. Fate information in seagrass-rooted sediments and overlying water is most available for trace metals. Toxicity results in aqueous exposures are available for at least 13 species and a variety of trace metals, pesticides, and petrochemicals. In contrast, results for chemical mixtures and chemicals in sediment matrices are uncommon. Contaminant bioaccumulation information is available for at least 23 species. The effects of plant age, tissue type, and time of collection have been commonly reported but not biological significance of the chemical residues. Experimental conditions have varied considerably in seagrass contaminant research and interspecific differences in chemical residues and chemical tolerances are common, which limits generalizations and extrapolations among species and chemicals. The few reported risk assessments have been usually local and limited to a few single chemicals and species representative of the south Australian and Mediterranean floras. Media-specific information describing exposure concentrations, toxic effect levels, and critical body burdens of common near-shore contaminants is needed for most species to support integrated risk assessments at multiple geographical scales and to evaluate the ability of numerical effects-based criteria to protect these marine angiosperms at risk.

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Section: Oil Dispersants Dispersed Oil Drilling Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Lewis

Devereux

2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

122

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“…Thalassia subsurface biomass increased at oiled sites, whereas Syringodium biomass continued to decline [118]. These findings agree with results of Thorhaug et al [134], who exposed both species to oil. In an experimental spill, hormesis, evident as increased biomass of seagrass, was observed, with minor or no overall effects on seagrasses resulting from oil or chemically‐dispersed oil up to 10 years afterward [47,60].…”

Section: Status Of Knowledge About Chemical Stressors In Tropical Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the Caribbean seagrasses exposed experimentally to dispersed oil, T. testudinum had a higher LC50 than H. wrightii and S. filliforme [134]. Dispersant type and length of exposure influence response.…”

Section: Status Of Knowledge About Chemical Stressors In Tropical Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dispersant type and length of exposure influence response. The latter two species were more sensitive to dispersant alone than T. testudinum , which showed no effect after 100 h of exposure [134]. Thalassia was most affected by exposure to dispersant over longer time periods and exposure to greater concentrations of dispersant mixed with oil [142].…”

Section: Status Of Knowledge About Chemical Stressors In Tropical Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicology of tropical marine ecosystems

Peters

Gassman

Firman

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

315

133

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Abstract-The negative effects of chemical contaminants on tropical marine ecosystems are of increasing concern as human populations expand adjacent to these communities. Watershed streams and ground water carry a variety of chemicals from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities, while winds and currents transport pollutants from atmospheric and oceanic sources to these coastal ecosystems. The implications of the limited information available on impacts of chemical stressors on mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs are discussed in the context of ecosystem management and ecological risk assessment. Three classes of pollutants have received attention: heavy metals, petroleum, and synthetic organics such as herbicides and pesticides. Heavy metals have been detected in all three ecosystems, causing physiological stress, reduced reproductive success, and outright mortality in associated invertebrates and fishes. Oil spills have been responsible for the destruction of entire coastal shallow-water communities, with recovery requiring years. Herbicides are particularly detrimental to mangroves and seagrasses and adversely affect the animal-algal symbioses in corals. Pesticides interfere with chemical cues responsible for key biological processes, including reproduction and recruitment of a variety of organisms. Information is lacking with regard to long-term recovery, indicator species, and biomarkers for tropical communities. Critical areas that are beginning to be addressed include the development of appropriate benchmarks for risk assessment, baseline monitoring criteria, and effective management strategies to protect tropical marine ecosystems in the face of mounting anthropogenic disturbance.

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“…seagrass plants (20,23). As rhizomes and rhizobia tend to creep on a big distance in the sediments, the close proximity at which bare sediment samples were taken, could not be far enough to get rid of plant influence.…”

Section: Bacterial Community Comparison According To Annual Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%