Oil Exploration and Climate Change: A Case Study of Heat Radiation from Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

Abdulkareem, A. S.; Afolabi, Ayo Samuel; Abdulfatai, J.; Uthman, Habibu; Odigure, J. O.

doi:10.5772/47730

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite its importance, the region is virtually unprotected and as a result has been the focus of increasing research activity in recent years, particularly on the impacts of oil exploitation on the environmental (Bayode et al, 2011;Nwaogu and Onyeze, 2010;Eregha and Irugh, 2009), socio-cultural and economic characteristics of the region (Aghalino and Odeh, 2010;Ajiboye et al, 2009). Among the many activities associated with the oil industry that directly affect the environment, such as oil spillage and fires, deforestation, dredging and associated waste, gas flaring is a prominent agent of pollution in the region (Abdulkareem, Afolabi, Abdulfatai, Uthman, & Odigure, 2012;Dung, Bombom, & Agusomu, 2008;Ovri & Iroh, 2013;Ovuakporaye, Aloamaka, Ojieh, Ejebe, & Mordi, 2012). However, efforts to empirically assess the environmental impacts of flaring in the Niger Delta have been hampered by limited access to official information on flare locations and volumes and difficulties in undertaking field investigations due to security issues.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, efforts to empirically assess the environmental impacts of flaring in the Niger Delta have been hampered by limited access to official information on flare locations and volumes and difficulties in undertaking field investigations due to security issues. Thus, previous research has mostly been speculative or restricted to small areas surrounding individual flares (Abdulkareem et al, 2012;Anomohanran, 2012;Dung et al, 2008;Obia, Okon, Ekum, Eyo-Ita, & Ekpeni, 2011;Odjugo & Osemwenkhae, 2009;Oseji, 2011). Hence, there is an important need to develop a comprehensive understanding of flaring activity and its impacts in the Niger Delta, particularly given that Nigeria ranks second among gas flaring countries globally ).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detecting gas flares and estimating flaring volumes at individual flow stations using MODIS data

Anejionu

Blackburn

Whyatt

2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c t Keywords:Gas flare Thermal infrared remote sensing MODIS flare detection Niger Delta Gas flaring volume Gas flaring has gained global recognition as a prominent agent of pollution, leading to the establishment of the Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) initiative, which requires an objective means of monitoring flaring activity. Because auditable information on flaring activity is difficult to obtain there have recently been attempts to detect flares using satellite imagery, typically at global scales. However, to adequately assess the environmental and health impacts of flaring from local to regional scales, it is important that we have a means of acquiring information on the location of individual active flaring sites and the volume of gas combusted at these sites. In this study we developed an approach to the retrieval of such information using nighttime MODIS thermal imagery. The MODIS flare detection technique (MODET) and the MODIS flare volume estimation technique (MOVET) both exploit the absolute and contextual radiometric response of flare sites. The levels of detection accuracy and estimation error were quantified using independent observations of flare location and volume. The MODET and MOVET were applied to an archive of MODIS data spanning 2000-2014 covering the Niger Delta, Nigeria, a significant global hotspot of flaring activity. The results demonstrate the substantial spatial and temporal variability in gas flaring across the region, between states and between onshore and offshore sites. Thus, whilst the estimated total volume of gas flared in the region over the study period is large (350 Billion Cubic Metres), the heterogeneity in the flaring indicates that the impacts of such flares will be highly variable in space and time. In this context, the MODET and MOVET offer a consistent and objective means of monitoring flaring activity over an appropriate range of scales and it is now important that their robustness and transferability is tested in other oil-producing regions of the world.

show abstract

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

Detecting gas flares and estimating flaring volumes at individual flow stations using MODIS data

Anejionu

Blackburn

Whyatt

2015

Remote Sensing of Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The atmosphere naturally conducts self-purification periodically by rinsing off excessive pollutant loads with suspended liquid scrubbers. With water vapour and fog as the primary scrubbing or precipitation media, the atmosphere enriched with oxides of Carbon, Sulphur and Nitrogen from anthropogenic emissions are hydrolyzed according to the following stoichiometric relations (Abdulkareem, et al, 2012):…”

Section: Inventory Of Flared Gas Emissions and Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Environment: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effects of Gas flaring in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Uchegbulam¹,

Aliyuda²,

John³

2022

jasem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this review is to provide an extensive assessment of the impacts of gas flaring from the ancient to modern life conditions at the Niger Delta as an area of global significance was reviewed from Millennium development goal (MDG) sustainable environmental perspective. These effects of flared gas took so long to persist due to its underdeveloped market, technological deficiency in its conversion into profitable byproducts and/or reinjection into geologic reservoirs until when needed. Findings show that these upstream emissions from flared gas have led to precipitation of acid rain and anthropogenic emissions like GHGs, VOCs, PM and over 250 toxins that have caused innumerable adverse effects on the Niger Delta communities and to the global community as climatic changes and global warming. Categorically, the environmental effects ranged between air, soil, water, heat, light and noise pollution as well as loss of biodiversity, vegetation and inflicted severe impacts on the health, and socioeconomic destitution of the Niger Delta residents including deterioration of the houses they live and shoreline threats as a coastal habitat. Despite the Nigerian government’s achievements in recovering the accrued carbon debt through liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects and other strategic measures as attested by international agencies, yet a detailed discussion on the constraints to effective anti-flare deadlines were also highlighted. Also, suggestions for substantial sustainability of the Niger Delta was made towards a climatic justice and zero-carbon footprint.

show abstract

“…The amount of gas flared per day is about 56,633m 3 [26], while the quantity of gas used by Nigerian generation companies in 2015 was 12,510,500,300m 3 [19].…”

Section: Electricity Generation and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumers do not have options. This suggests that DISCOs do not have to be competitive and innovative to make profits, considering the practice of estimated billings and non-deployment of pre-paid meters [26]. Therefore, the paper advocate review and amendment, through effective legislation of the current status of the DISCOs, as informed by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act of 2005.…”

Section: Policy Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Sustainable Power Supply and Consumption of an Emerging Economy (Nigeria)

Okafor

Madu

Ajaero

et al. 2020

JEDEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electricity supply offers significant and immense benefits to human society, and it is instrumental in driving economic growth, increased standard of living and technological developments. Its sustainable supply and consumption is related to many ecological discussions, and thus, present emphasis on renewable sources, such as solar and hydro. In Nigeria, however, challenges associated with electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption have not been adequately tackled. Poor electricity supply has adversely impacted the economy resulting to poor production, higher prices of goods and services, closure of industries, and loss of competitive advantage of Nigerian businesses. Conversely, energy-inefficient and non-conservation consumption behaviour of Nigerian electricity consumers contributes to the electricity demand - demand gap. Energy-efficiency and conservation is a sustainable tool for efficient power system. The paper show that the use of mostly post-paid and unmetered billing system is implicated in energy-inefficient consumption. The paper advocates for deployment of pre-paid meters to every electricity consumer; fiscal management, enforcement of energy saving policies such as use of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL); and emphasis on renewable energy (hydro and solar) sources, for electricity generation.

show abstract

Oil Exploration and Climate Change: A Case Study of Heat Radiation from Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Detecting gas flares and estimating flaring volumes at individual flow stations using MODIS data

Detecting gas flares and estimating flaring volumes at individual flow stations using MODIS data

Sustainable Environment: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effects of Gas flaring in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Toward Sustainable Power Supply and Consumption of an Emerging Economy (Nigeria)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About