Oil extraction from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal by dynamic and intermittent processes of supercritical CO2 – Global yield, oil characterization, and solvent consumption

Intensification of the SFE Using Ethanol as a Cosolvent and Integration of the SFE Process with sc-CO2 Followed by PLE Using Pressurized Ethanol of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Larvae Meal—Extract Yields and Characterization

“…Black soldier fly larvae flour presented a proximate composition on a dry basi follows: moisture 3.60%, mineral matter 18.47%, crude protein 30.66%, crude fiber 8.4 ethereal extract 32.70%, and non-nitrogen extract 6.18%, as reported by Cruz et al [5] The purification of the black soldier fly larvae meal was conducted with the aim generating two distinct extracts, one rich in oil and the other rich in polar compou The integration of processes that use green solvents enabled obtaining three diffe products, including insect meal oil, an extract rich in polar compounds obtained via p surized ethanol, and a protein concentrate powder for dietary supplementation (Fig 1). The extraction experiments using sc-CO 2 , with and without ethanol as a cosolvent, were carried out under two pressure conditions (25 and 30 MPa) at a temperature of 60 • C, with a constant flow rate of 10 g/min for 90 min, respecting a static time of 20 min according to the process optimization proposed by [5]. The equipment used was an SFC/RESS (Thar Instruments Co./Waters, Pittsburgh, PA, USA), and the extracts were collected in 100 mL glass vials immersed in an ice bath.…”

“…Black soldier fly larvae flour presented a proximate composition on a dry basis as follows: moisture 3.60%, mineral matter 18.47%, crude protein 30.66%, crude fiber 8.42%, ethereal extract 32.70%, and non-nitrogen extract 6.18%, as reported by Cruz et al [ 5 ].…”

“…in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil (latitude, 16 • 43 ′ 41 ′′ , longitude, 43 • 51 ′ 54 ′′ , and altitude, 638 m). Before being purified, they were degreased using the supercritical CO 2 extraction process reported by Cruz et al [5].…”

“…The larvae meal of these insects can present lipid contents of up to 40% dry weight, being considered the second largest macronutrient in its composition [ 4 ]. The oil of black soldier fly larvae, obtained via supercritical fluid extraction, shows varying levels of monounsaturated (28.63%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (22.94%), in addition to saturated fatty acids (48.43%) [ 5 ].…”

“…Yields of the SFE using ethanol as a cosolvent (10%) (sc-CO 2 +EtOH) and the extract obtained via PLE with pressurized ethanol from defatted meal (by SFE*, 60 • C and 30 MPa[5]). …”