Oil palm and rural livelihoods in the<scp>A</scp>sia–<scp>P</scp>acific region: An overview

Cramb, Rob; Curry, George

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8373.2012.01495.x

Cited by 137 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Hopefully, healthy cooperation between smallholders and companies will make it possible to tackle the problem of bunches being stolen and ensure social cohesion in the oil palm production area. Successful examples of this type of association also exist in Papua (Cramb and Curry 2012) and Colombia (Mesa Dishington 1998).…”

Section: Can Palm Oil Be Produced Without Involving Agro-industry?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges

Rival¹,

Levang²

2014

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Section: Can Palm Oil Be Produced Without Involving Agro-industry?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges

Rival¹,

Levang²

2014

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“…The associated land transformations have given rise to a number of socio-economic concerns, including whether the crop can contribute to sustainable rural livelihoods, while ensuring social equality (Cramb & Curry, 2012;McCarthy, 2010). After being implemented during two decades, the wellbeing effect from the oil palm expansion deserves special attention, especially since the recent land expansion for oil palm are largely driven by smallholder farmers.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Oil Palm Expansion on Farmers’ Crop Income and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: An Application of Propensity Score Matching

Alwarritzi¹,

Nanseki²,

Chomei³

2015

JAS

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In order to solve serious problem on the lack of job opportunity and poverty in Indonesia, oil palm expansion driven by smallholders have been taken into the economic development agenda. The evidence shows that oil palm expansion by smallholders have a great performance for improving livelihood of rural community. Thus, this study aims to estimate the causal effect of oil palm expansion on farmers' livelihoods in Indonesia. Using cross-sectional data from 271 households in Riau Province, the determinants of farmers' decisions to expand oil palm farm size and the impacts of expansion are analyzed. Propensity Score Matching was employed in order to deal with self-selection biased in the evaluation of oil palm expansion impact. In the first step, logit model was applied to analyze the determinant of oil palm expansion. In the second step, each observation is matched with a similar propensity score value in order estimate the average treatment effect for the treated (ATT). Empirical results show that number of family members actively involved in oil palm cultivation, farmers' financial assets, contract farming, and distance to the market are significantly associated with likelihood for expanding farm size. Positive and significant impacts of crop income from oil palm and per capita expenditures, confirms that oil palm expansion help reducing the problem of job opportunity and poverty in Indonesia. This study implicates that, to improve oil palm expansion practice in Indonesia, several schemes must be considered: enhancing human resources development, integrating oil palm marketing schemes, and improving infrastructure facilities.

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“…Oil palm is one of the most rapidly increasing crops globally (Cramb & Curry 2012), providing income for people in many developing island nations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palm oil industry is economically important to many developing nations (Cramb & Curry 2012), thus solutions that balance the economic benefits of oil palm with its ecological impacts are required. Poor understanding of land-sea linkages, in addition to limited data in affected regions, makes conservation of connected land-sea systems difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Tulloch¹

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Human activities affecting the environment are intensifying. In marine ecosystems, direct stressors of overfishing and habitat destruction have led to biodiversity declines, prompting calls for conservation action and more sustainable resource management. Managing stressors becomes more challenging when stressors interact, or are indirect, whereby the source of the threatening activity is displaced from impacts, such as the localised effects of global warming, or runoff from land-use change degrading coral reefs. Effective management requires improved understanding of ecosystem responses to multiple stressors and consideration of interactions between stressors and species.Opposing objectives and outcomes of marine conservation (i.e. reducing stressors) versus resource management (often increasing stressors) compromise effective decision-making. Approaches are needed that include ecological and socio-economic information to promote long-term sustainability of extractive uses, protect functioning ecosystems, and conserve biodiversity. The choice of tool used to inform ecosystem management is typically constrained by management goals and available resources -spatial planning is typically used for conservation, whereas resource management relies more on population modelling.The goal of this thesis is to harness spatial and population modelling techniques to combine resource management with biodiversity conservation and link direct and indirect stressors to marine biodiversity persistence. Chapter 1 provides the context for the thesis, where I explore these themes and outline differences in decision-making for conservation versus extraction. In Chapter 2, I explore how agencies have managed stressors to date, and show that a decision-theoretic approach known as "structured decision-making" (SDM) is a more logical and effective way of managing stressors than traditional approaches that map threats. SDM requires clear objectives, canvassing of alternative management options, and linking outcomes for biodiversity to the effectiveness of each management option. SDM ensures that conservation actions occur where they are the most cost-efficient or effective. I apply recommendations from Chapter 2 in two case studies for managing multiple stressors to marine ecosystems: 1) spatial planning for oil palm agriculture and coral reef fisheries in Papua New Guinea (Chapters 3 and 4), and 2) managing whale species affected by harvesting, climate change and krill population dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere (Chapters 5 and 6).In Chapter 3 I combine ecosystem models and threat maps with spatial conservation planning to predict responses of coral and seagrass ecosystems to changing land uses. My novel framework identifies high priority areas for marine reserves whilst accounting for indirect impacts of land use change such as oil palm development and uncertainty in future stressor intensities. I demonstrate ii how we can reduce adverse impacts of oil palm expansion and make more effective whole-ofsystem decisions for coasta...

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Oil palm and rural livelihoods in theAsia–Pacific region: An overview

Cited by 137 publications

References 44 publications

Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges

Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges

Impact of Oil Palm Expansion on Farmers’ Crop Income and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: An Application of Propensity Score Matching

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

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