“…TSIR connectedness. As for to the third group of papers analysing connectedness measures in BRICS countries, finally, regarding the connectedness of TSIRs, several authors have investigated the degree of bond market integration through TSIRs (Kumar and Okimoto, 2011) and by decomposing TSIRs into their three components (e.g., Jotikasthira et al, 2015;Ioannidis and Ka, 2018;Gabauer et al, 2020, Gupta et al, 2020aRiaz et al, 2020;Aharon et al, 2022;Umar et al, 2022cUmar et al, , 2022d, and many of them have focused on analysing the connectedness between sovereign bonds and changes in oil prices (Filippidis et al, 2020;Nazlioglu et al, 2020;Umar et al, 2022a).…”