“…Overtime, the major interest in this study has basically been on global and national scales respectively. While studies like Jones and Kaul (1996), Lean and Badeeb 2017, Bastianin et al (2017), Broadstock and Filis (2014), Dutta (2017), Ftiti (2015), Gupta (2016, Kayalar et al (2017), Sharmar (2017), , Silvapulle et al 2017and Khalifa (2017) analyse either on a panel or country by country basis, studies like Cong et al (2008), Fowowe (2013), Benkraiem et al (2018), Zheng and Su (2017), Bams et al (2017), , Bouri et al (2016), Gil-Alana and Yaya (2014), Henriques and Sadorsky (2008), Huang et al (2017), Tule et al (2017), Tursol and Faisal (2017), Guo (2017), andSoyemi et al (2017) carry out the study nationally.…”